▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Bifunctional catalyst comprising a doped graphene backbone having thiol functional groups, is new. USE - The bifunctional catalyst is useful for catalyzing both an oxygen reduction reaction and an oxygen evolution reaction, and in a cathode of an electrochemical device such as a metal-air fuel cell and a metal-air battery (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The bifunctional catalyst can be economically prepared with improved activity and stability without requiring expensive materials such as precious metals in an environmental friendly manner. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the preparation of the bifunctional catalyst.