▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The transparent electrode comprises a substrate, a graphene layer having low sheet resistance formed on the substrate, a network of nanowires, a pinning layer prepared by chemical vapor deposition, and a nano-material layer. The sheet resistance of the transparent electrode is 30-160 Omega /m. USE - The transparent electrode is useful in an optical device, a display device and a touch panel apparatus (all claimed), where the display device is LED, LCD, organic-LED and touch screen, and the optical device is laser diode. ADVANTAGE - The transparent electrode exhibits high light transmittance property. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for manufacturing a transparent electrode.