▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Application of metal to a substrate by contacting the substrate with an aqueous metal plating composition comprising poly ammonium bi sulfate (PABS) and a dissolved first metal or its salt; allowing the first metal to deposit on the substrate in a layer; and rinsing with water to form a metal-treated substrate. The composition comprises 1-50 wt/wt.% PABS and 0.001-25 wt./wt.% first metal/salt. The composition has a pH of below 2. The substrate comprises wrought iron, cast iron, steel, including carbon steel, steel, stainless steel, aluminum, magnesium, copper, zinc, titanium, nickel, cobalt, tin, lead, silicon, and their alloys. The substrate comprises a ceramic, plastic, circuit board, or graphene. USE - The method is useful for application of metal to substrate, which is used for metal plating of objects and materials, e.g. pipes, industrial valves, electronic components, personal electronic jewelry, medical instruments, and household items. ADVANTAGE - The method provides a metal coating of a desired thickness and composition via modification of crystallinity of the metal layer on the surface of an object or material.