▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Graphene-encapsulated phosphorus anode particulate comprises a core that comprises a phosphorus material and one or a multiple internal graphene sheets, where internal graphene sheets have a length or width from 5 nm to 100~mm and contain single-layer or few-layer graphene sheets and phosphorus material is in a form of particles or coating in physical contact with the internal graphene sheets and having a diameter or thickness from 0.5 nm to 10~mm and is selected from red phosphorus, black phosphorus, violet phosphorus, a metal phosphide, MPy, or a combination, where M is Mn, V, Sn, Ni, Cu, Fe, Co, Zn, Ge, Se, Mo, Ga, In, or an alloy thereof, and y is 1 to 4, and an encapsulating shell that embraces or encapsulates core. The encapsulating shell comprises multiple graphene sheets and have a thickness from 0.34 nm to 5~mm. USE - Graphene-encapsulated phosphorus anode particulate for lithium battery or sodium ion battery, and also for energy storage devices within aircraft, electric vehicles (EVs), drones, renewable energy storage, and smart grid applications. ADVANTAGE - The graphite materials have been widely used as an anode active material for commercial LIBs due to their relatively low cost and excellent reversibility, and has higher specific capacity, excellent rate capability, and good cycle stability for LIBs, improved initial coulombic efficiency of 60.2% as compared to phosphorene (11.5%) and loosely stacked phosphorene-graphene (34.3%) electrodes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for following: a powder mass, which comprises multiple anode particulates;#an anode electrode, which comprises multiple anode particulates;#a lithium-ion battery, which comprises anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte;#a sodium-ion battery, which comprises anode, a cathode, and an electrolyte; and#a method for producing multiple anode particulates, which involves combining particles of the phosphorus material, multiple graphene sheets, optional particles of a carbon material, and a liquid medium to form a suspension and forming and drying the suspension into secondary particles or particulates wherein the particulate comprises a core-shell structure having a core of particles of the phosphorus material, internal graphene sheets, optional particles of a carbon material, and pores and a shell comprising multiple (external) graphene sheets embracing the core.