▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A transparent electrode (100) comprises a patterned electrode layer provided on a transparent base material (101), and an electrode layer having an electroconductive film (102a) comprising metal nanowires, and a protective film comprising N-graphene (102b) comprising a portion of the graphene carbon skeleton substituted with a nitrogen atom, laminated on the metal nanowires. USE - Transparent electrode used in photoelectric conversion element e.g. solar cell, and organic electroluminescent element (all claimed). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) manufacture of the transparent electrode, which involves (A) applying a dispersion liquid comprising metal nanowires on a transparent base material and drying to form a electroconductive film, (B) forming an N-graphene film on the electroconductive film, (C) forming a photoresist film on the N-graphene film, (D) irradiating the photoresist film with light and developing the photoresist film to form a photoresist pattern, (E) etching the non-masked portion using the pattern as a mask to remove the N-graphene film and the electroconductive directly under the non-masked portion, and (F) removing pattern of photoresist; and (2) photoelectric conversion element, which comprises the transparent electrode, a photoelectric converting layer, and a counter electrode. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the structure of the transparent electrode. Transparent electrode (100) Transparent base material (101) Electrode layer (102) Electroconductive film (102a) N-graphene film (102b)