▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Synthesis of graphene derivatives and functional materials comprises forming a refluxed solution comprising starting material and at least one additive at a selected temperature for a period. USE - The method is useful for: synthesizing graphene derivatives and functional materials, where graphene derivatives are utilized for nanofillers, transistors, sensors, actuators, pharmaceutical, semiconductor, metal hybrids, anisotropic conductor, desalinator, cancer detection, thermoelectric, field effect transistor, organic ferroelectrics, molecular packing, bioimaging, energy storage, electronics, hydrogen storage, biosensing, spintronics, smart materials, lasing, drug delivery, batteries, and light-emitting diodes, and in nanobubble material, nanocomposite material, fullerene composite, nanotube composite, 2 dimensional single liquid crystalline carbon allotropes graphene, and 2 dimensional single crystal (all claimed); production of benzene derivatives; and water purification, smart materials, military, automobiles, supercapacitors, superconductors, aerospace, biotechnologies, cell phones, chemical catalysts cathodes of fuel cells or lithium secondary batteries, high-strength materials, conductive resins, shielding materials against electromagnetic waves, probes for scanning tunneling microscopes, field electron emission sources, materials for nano-tweezers, adsorption materials, medical nano-capsules, fibers, cosmetics and health care, information displays, artificial muscle-like actuators, and enantioselective synthesis heat sinks, sliders, conductive aids for electrodes, catalyst supports, materials for conductive films and thermoelectrics. ADVANTAGE - The method: reduces cost of production and provides affordable methods for the production of multifunctional materials from asphaltenes; produces materials exhibiting plastic behavior (plastotenes), elastic behavior (elastotenes), graphene properties (quantum dots), and/or liquid crystalline phases (discotic); and results in synthesis of asphaltene derivatives and regeneration of derivatives from subsequent products. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) a nanobubble material comprising nanobud, metals and many functional group; (2) a nanocomposite material comprising nanobud, metals and many functional groups; (3) a fullerene composite with many functional groups; (4) a nanotube composite with many functional groups; (5) a 2 dimensional single liquid crystalline carbon allotropes graphene; (6) a 2 dimensional single crystal carbon allotropes of graphene with many functional groups; (7) a 2 dimensional single crystalline carbon allotropes of graphene with asymmetric unit formula (C7H6N2O4), (C6H4N2O4) or (C7H7O3S- H3O+); and (8) a 2 dimensional single crystal with asymmetric unit formula (Na6O16S4) n.