▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A method (14) for preventing or reducing ice formation involves applying (10) composition comprises graphene nanoribbons on the surface to form (12) layer associated with the surface. USE - Method is used for reducing or preventing formation of ice chosen from ice particles, frost, snow, sleet and/or hail on surfaces e.g. wire surfaces, transmission line surfaces, radome surfaces, window surfaces, automobile surfaces, aircraft surfaces, ship surfaces, building surfaces, antenna surfaces, radar surfaces, solar panel surfaces, solar plant surfaces, wind turbine surfaces, radiofrequency equipment surfaces, mat surfaces, blanket surfaces, wrapping surfaces, tape surfaces, glass-based surfaces, quartz-based surfaces, alumina-based surfaces, silicon-based surfaces, plastic -based surfaces, polymer-based surfaces, and/or electroconductive surfaces (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The method provides optimal radio frequency transparency with no impact on radar performance, especially noise figure, range reduction, range and direction accuracy estimation, optimal thermal stability, optimal UV radiation stability, oleophobic surfaces, chemical resistance, antistatic surfaces, extreme mechanical wear resistance, unlimited lifetime, and optimal weather and erosion resistance. The process is environmentally-friendly. The composition can be coated conveniently on a surface and has facile curability in natural environments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for the surface. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flowchart of method of preventing or reducing ice formation on the surface. Graphene nanoribbon composition application process (10) Layer formation process (12) Ice formation prevention or reduction process (14) Water repulsion process (16) Ice melting process (18) Active heating process (20) Passive heating process (22)