▎ 摘 要
NOVELTY - Composite nanostructure comprises: a graphene oxide shell; and a nanoparticle within the shell. The nanoparticle is titanium dioxide or silver. USE - The composite nanostructure is useful in a filtration membrane: for filtering a liquid i.e. water, where the filtration membrane is a microfiltration membrane, ultrafiltration membrane, nanofiltration membrane or reverse osmosis membrane (all claimed); or in purification of water. ADVANTAGE - The composite nanostructure: provides the filtration membranes exhibiting enhanced magnetic properties, and water filtration and disinfection properties; and exhibits improved stability in water for several months. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) an assembly of nanostructures, where the assembly of nanostructures is flat; (2) a filtration membrane comprising: a support; and many composite nanostructures attached to the support; and (3) filtering a liquid, comprising contacting the filtration membrane with the liquid to produce a permeate and a retentate.