▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Concentrating (M1) a stabilized solution of graphene oxide including a continuous phase and having an initial graphene and/or graphene oxide concentration, comprises adding an absorbent material to the solution, and absorbing at least a portion of the continuous phase from the solution with the absorbent material to form a solution having a graphene oxide concentration that is greater than the initial graphene oxide concentration. USE - The method is useful for concentrating the stabilized solution of graphene oxide, which is useful for forming the film on a substrate surface, preferably a graphene oxide film or a reduced graphene oxide film. The graphene oxide film or the reduced graphene oxide film is useful as a membrane in a membrane separation process (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The method: concentrates the solution of graphene oxide without the application of heat or vacuum; results in converting a dilute suspension of graphene oxide into a viscoelastic, liquid crystalline fluid, e.g. a concentrated solution of discotic nematic phase graphene oxide; and is applied to make a large area membrane, as the volume of fluid required is small. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) forming (M2) a film of a stabilized solution of graphene oxide on a substrate surface, comprising applying the solution of graphene oxide to the substrate surface, drawing the solution through a channel defined by two opposing surfaces having a gap between them at a shear rate, where a first opposing surface of the channel is the substrate surface, and forming a film of the solution having a thickness corresponding to a length of the gap; (2) a graphene oxide film or a reduced graphene oxide film formed by the method (M2); and (3) a graphene oxide membrane including a graphene oxide layer on a support layer, where the graphene oxide layer includes aligned discotic graphene oxide particles.