▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Functionalized graphene comprises at least one functional group covalently bonded directly to an edge of a graphene plane, where the functional group is nitro, amine, sulfonyl hydroxide, halide, azide, magnesium bromide and thiol, and the functional group is only bound to an edge of the graphene plane. USE - The functionalized graphene or functionalized graphene conjugate is useful for identifying defects present in the graphene plane (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The functionalized graphene: contains functional groups bound only to edges of the graphene plane, without compromising the surface structure of the graphene plane; and allows graphene's desirable characteristics stemming from its two dimensional structure, including its electronic properties, to be preserved. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) preparation of functionalized graphene, comprising (a) preparing a sample of graphene to be functionalized, (b) contacting the graphene with at least one reagents suitable for introducing at least one functional group comprising nitro, amine, sulfonyl hydroxide, halide, azide, magnesium bromide and thiol to any available edge of the sample of graphene, and (c) isolating the functionalized graphene bearing only the functional group; (2) a graphene conjugate, where the graphene conjugate is formed by reaction of at least one organic or inorganic moiety with the at least one functional group of the functionalized graphene; and (3) preparation of a graphene conjugate, comprising (A) preparing a sample of functionalized graphene, (B) reacting the functionalized graphene with at least one organic or inorganic moiety such that the organic or inorganic moiety is covalently attached to the graphene via at least one of the functional groups present on the functionalized graphene, and (C) isolating the graphene conjugate.