▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Recyclable and cross-linked nanocomposites comprises electrically conductive carbonaceous materials and polymer capable of dispersing and stabilizing the carbonaceous materials. USE - Recyclable and cross-linked nanocomposites in the form of shapeless mass, powder, sheets, prisms, cylinders, monoliths, sponges, aerogels, porous materials used in the manufacture of thermo-conductive materials, electro-conductors, converters of electricity into heat, filling composites, self-healing materials with electricity, self-healing materials with heat, self-assembling materials with electricity, self-assembling materials with heat, additive, binder (claimed). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a method for preparing a nanocomposites that comprise derivatized polymer with pendant groups that act as dienes or dienophiles, and electrically conductive carbonaceous materials, which involves: (A) functionalizing a polymer with pendant groups that act as diene or dienophilic, preferably the polymer selected from aliphatic polyketone, and the functionalization is carried out by Paal-Knorr reaction between the aliphatic polyketone and primary amines containing the diene groups or dienophilic including furfurylamine, being the molar ratio between the dicarbonyl groups of the aliphatic polyketone, where the primary amine allows conversion percentages between 1-100%, being then the molar proportion of diketone groups of the aliphatic polyketone and furfurylamine in the range of 1-100%; (B) carrying out reaction at 50-200 degrees C in the absence of solvent, or alternatively using at least one solvent, which is selected from a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol preferably comprising at least 3C atoms, a glycol, a halogenated hydrocarbon, a ketone, ester, an ether or a glycol ether, or a mixture of two or more, preferably selected from tetrahydrofuran (THF), acetonitrile, N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), dimethylformamide (DMF), 2-propanol, 1 propanol, toluene, benzene, chlorobenzene 1,2-dichlorobenzene, still preferably 1 propanol; (C) carrying out additional derivatizations of the polyketones with organic side groups, including saturated and unsaturated alkyl groups, alcohols, amines, esters, ethers and polyethers, mercaptans under the same methodology in order to modulate the temperatures, glass transition, melting temperature or both below 200 degrees C in order to give the polymers the desired viscosity and fluidity; (D) mixing the functionalized polymer obtained with a carbonaceous material selected from raw carbonaceous materials comprises electrically conductive carbonaceous materials including carbon, pitch, activated carbon, pyrolytic carbon, coke, graphite, combustion residues of organic material, or Electrically conductive carbonaceous materials selected from graphite, graphene, and carbon nanotubes, including single or multi-walled carbon nanotubes, fullerenes, or a combination of them or their derivatives, where the mixture is carried out at temperatures above the melting temperature of the polymer until the establishment of the retro-Diels Alder reaction in a preferential manner, including temperatures in the temperature range between 20-200 degrees C in the absence of solvent or alternatively in the presence of a solvent selected from water or organic solvents such as a saturated or unsaturated aliphatic or alicyclic hydrocarbon, an aromatic hydrocarbon, an alcohol preferably comprising at least 3 carbon atoms, a glycol, a halogenated hydrocarbon, a ketone, an ester , an ether or a glycol ether, or a mixture, where the proportion of derivatized polymer with pendant groups acting as furan functionalized diene or dienophilic (weight) and carbonaceous materials is in the range (10%:90-99.9%:0.1%) and the solvent volume in the range of 50-100%; (E) mixing times vary between 10 minutes-1 week; (F) adding additives, such as cross-linkers such as bis-maleimide, maleic anhydride, maleic imide, benzoquinone, alkyne, alkene, cellulose fibers, inorganic particles, metal salts, salts of lithium, copper salts, metal oxides such as titanium oxides, zinc oxide, copper oxide, metal nanoparticles such as gold and silver nanoparticles, metals, other polymeric materials, etc to manufacture advanced materials with various properties; (G) separating the non-conductive residues from the raw carbonaceous materials by precipitation, centrifugation, filtration, or other conventional methods; and (H) cooling the mixture, optionally grinding the nanocomposite, and storing, and optionally using it to give it another shape including compression molding, injection, supercritical fluid treatment, where the shapes include powder, prism, monolith, sheet, sponge, airgel.