▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - An anode or negative electrode layer comprises multiple porous graphene particulates comprising multiple pores having a total volume (Vpp), pore walls, and primary particles of an anode active material having a total volume (Va) arranged in the pores. The porous graphene comprises 0.5-95 wt.% primary particles of anode active material based on the total weight of the porous graphene particulate. The graphene particulate is embraced or encapsulated by a thin encapsulating layer of electrically conducting material having a thickness of 1 nm-10 mu m, an electric conductivity from 10-6-20000 S/cm and a lithium ion conductivity from 10-8-5x 10-2 S/cm. The volume ratio (Vpp/Va) is (1.3/1.0)-(5.0/1.0). The pores in the particulate have a sufficient amount of free space to accommodate a volume expansion of the primary particles of anode active material when the lithium battery is charged without inducing a volume expansion of the anode electrode by 20% or more. USE - Anode layer used for lithium battery such as lithium-ion battery, lithium metal battery, lithium-sulfur battery, and lithium-air battery (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The anode layer provides lithium battery having excellent cycle characteristics, reversible capacity, and compatibility, low irreversible capacity, and reduced manufacturing cost. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An anode or negative electrode layer comprises multiple porous graphene particulates comprising multiple pores, having a total volume (Vpp), pore walls, and primary particles of an anode active material having a total volume (Va) arranged in the pores. The pore walls comprises one or more of graphene material chosen from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, and chemically functionalized graphene. The porous graphene comprises 0.5-95 wt.% primary particles of anode active material based on the total weight of the porous graphene particulate. The graphene particulate is embraced or encapsulated by a thin encapsulating layer of electrically conducting material having a thickness of 1 nm-10 mu m, an electric conductivity from 10-6-20000 S/cm and a lithium ion conductivity from 10-8-5x 10-2 S/cm. The volume ratio (Vpp/Va) is (1.3/1.0)-(5.0/1.0). The pores in the particulate have a sufficient amount of free space to accommodate a volume expansion of the primary particles of anode active material when the lithium battery is charged without inducing a volume expansion of the anode electrode by 20% or more. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for powder mass of an anode active material. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the porous graphene particulate-protected anode active material.