▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Formation of graphene oxide gel involves providing an aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide, adding a reactant chosen from organic amine and phosphonium salt, and stirring the mixture for forming the graphene oxide hydrogel. The aqueous solution is an acidic solution. USE - Formation of graphene oxide gel e.g. aerogel used for forming anhydrous dispersion for forming electrode of supercapacitor and battery (all claimed). Can also be used for drug delivery and forming polymer composites. ADVANTAGE - The method enables efficient formation of graphene oxide gel with high surface area and purity, and desired polarity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) formation of anhydrous graphene oxide dispersion, which involves providing the aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide, adding a hydrophobic amine to the aqueous dispersion of graphene oxide, stirring the mixture for forming the graphene oxide hydrogel, isolating the graphene oxide hydrogel, removing the water from the isolated graphene hydrogel, and dispersing the isolated graphene hydrogel in an anhydrous organic solvent for forming an anhydrous graphene oxide dispersion; (2) supercapacitor, which consists of an anode, a cathode, an electrolyte ionically connecting the anode and the cathode, and an ion-permeable separator physically separating the anode and the cathode. The anode or cathode comprises the graphene aerogel; (3) electrode, which consists of a conductive substrate and the graphene aerogel; and (4) method for purifying graphene oxide, which involves dispersing the graphene oxide in an aqueous solution having a pH of 6-1.5, adding nitrogen- or phosphorus-containing compound of formula: XR'aR1R2R3 (I) as a reactant, and washing the graphene oxide hydrogel for obtaining purified graphene oxide. X = nitrogen or phosphorus; a = 0 or 1; R'a,R1,R2,R3 = H, alkyl, cycloalkyl, heterocycloalkyl, aryl, or heteroaryl;and or 2 or more of R'a,R1,R2,R3 = saturated or unsaturated 5- or 6-membered ring optionally containing heteroatom(s). (i) When X is N and a is 0, 2 or more of R1,R2,R3 are not H simultaneously; (ii) when X is N and a is 1, 3 or more of R1,R2,R3 are not H simultaneously; (iii) when X is P and a is 1, R1,R2,R3 are not H.