▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The medical device has a graphene varactor (200) comprising a graphene layer (204), and at least one non-covalent modification layer (206) disposed on an outer surface of the graphene layer. The modification layer comprises nanoparticles comprising one or more metals, metal oxides, or their derivatives. The modification layer provides coverage of 5-150% by surface area over graphene layer. The graphene varactors are configured in an array on the medical device. The nanoparticles are further modified with groups comprising alkylthio, alkenylthio, alkynylthio, heteroalkylthio, heteroalkenylthio, heteroalkynylthio, haloalkylthio, haloalkenylthio, haloalkynylthio, halogenated heteroalkylthio, halogenated heteroalkenylthio, halogenated heteroalkynylthio, arylthio, substituted arylthio, heteroarylthio, or substituted heteroarylthio. USE - Medical device for sensing gaseous analytes. Uses include but are not limited to tissue samples, bodily fluids, diagnostic scans, and genetic sequencing. ADVANTAGE - The accurate detection of diseases can allow clinicians to provide appropriate therapeutic interventions. The early detection of the diseases can lead to better treatment outcomes. The graphene varactor can be used to improve the sensitivity of the chemical sensor. The non-covalent surface modification of graphene with nanoparticles can allow for the detection of compounds or differential sensing of the same, which allows for the earlier detection of particular disease states. The use of graphene varactors can improve the accuracy of the measurement of the gaseous analytes in the sample. The chemical sensor element can provide improved sensitivity and/or specificity of the sensor, which can allow the early diagnosis of disease states and the early treatment of the disease. The improved sensitivity of chemical sensors can allow early detection and early treatment for the diseases. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a method of modifying a surface of graphene; and (2) a method for detecting an analyte. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic cross-sectional view of a portion of a graphene varactor. Insulator layer (102) Gate electrode (104) Graphene varactor (200) Graphene layer (204) Non-covalent modification layer (206)