▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Porous composite comprises several agglomerates comprising a porous carbon having pores, where the pores have a pore size of 2-100 nm and a particle size of 2-20 μ m, catalyst nanoparticles deposited inside the pores or on the surface of the porous carbon, where the catalyst nanoparticles have a particle size of 2-100 nm, a sulfur compound deposited inside the pores or interspersed among the porous carbon, and electrically conductive material interspersed among the porous carbon and inside several porous carbon elements with the sulfur compounds, where the agglomerates are isotropic in nature and the porous composites represent a hierarchical structure from the agglomerates. USE - The porous composite is used for lithium-sulfur battery electrode, and battery structure, preferably cobalt-free high energy density electrochemical energy storage device (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The porous composite ensures increased energy density and long cycle life. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: a method for deriving porous carbon from biomass, which involves converting a biomass to porous biochar, removing impurities from the porous biochar, doping the porous carbon with catalyst nanoparticles having a size of the mesopores, converting the porous biochar to porous carbon, and enlarging a pore size of the catalyst doped porous carbon; a process to form agglomerates of doped porous carbon and sulfur compound, which involves using a wet agglomeration in fast turbulent flow-based bottom-up approach; a lithium-sulfur battery electrode comprising a conductive metal substrate, and a porous composite dispersed in a binder coupled to the conductive metal substrate, where the porous composite comprises several agglomerates comprising a porous carbon having pores within the porous carbon structure, catalyst nanoparticles deposited inside the pores or on the surface of the porous carbon, a sulfur compound deposited inside the pores, and electrically conductive material joining the agglomerates together, where at least a portion of the agglomerates are in electrical communication with each other through the electrically conductive material; a battery structure comprising a metal-lithium sulfide-carbon composite cathode, a silicon composite or a lithium-metal anode, a flexible ceramic or synthetic fiber separator, and a gel dual phase electrolyte, or a metal- lithium sulfide-carbon composite cathode, a silicon composite or a lithium-metal anode, a flexible ceramic separator, and a solid state electrolyte; and a method for forming a biomass derived metal doped porous carbon material, which involves generating a three-dimensional crosslinked porous polymer from a biomass source, performing low temperature carbonization on the porous polymer to generate a semi-carbonized porous biochar, incorporating a catalyst material to the semi-carbonized porous biochar, performing a high temperature carbonization on the semi-carbonized porous biochar, performing an activation process for a catalyst incorporated into porous carbon to form a doped porous carbon, and reducing the particle size of the doped porous carbon.