▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A graphene structure comprises a graphene sheet (1) and a self-assembled monolayer of functional organic molecules non-covalently bonded to the top and/or bottom basal planes of the graphene sheet, where each functional organic molecule comprises an anchor group (4A) which forms a non-covalent bond with the graphene, a functional group (6A), and an alkyl-chain spacer group which separates the anchor group and functional group and facilitates the self-assembly and stabilization of the monolayer. USE - As a graphene structure used in field-effect device and for gas and liquid-phase sensing of target chemical or biological groups in a sample solution or vapor (claimed); and in molecular recognition to promote binding of specific moieties for chemo- or bio-sensing applications, such as conductivity-based sensors, resonators (mass sensors) or electrochemical sensors. ADVANTAGE - The graphene structure is stable modified graphene structure. The graphene is extensively covered with the functional organic molecules. The non-covalent attachment of functional organic molecules to the top and/or bottom and/or edges of graphene sheet passivates the surface of graphene, by reducing the adsorption of ambient matter contaminants or water, and increases the stability of the graphene. It introduces a new functionality to graphene to result in new applications for graphene; allows for adsorbate doping/manipulation of electronic properties; and opens the route towards directed deposition of graphene. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) a field-effect device comprising the graphene structure, where the top basal plane of the graphene structure is electrically contacted by separate source and drain electrodes, the graphene structure is located over a gate dielectric, which is electrically contacted by a gate electrode such that the exposed regions of the top basal plane are functionalized with a layer of molecules and optionally comprises a layer of molecules, which promotes binding of the graphene structure to the gate dielectric; (2) manufacturing the graphene structure involving preparing and cleaning a substrate; depositing a layer of graphene onto the substrate; reacting the substrate with a functional organic molecule comprising an anchor group which has the ability to form a non-covalent bond with graphene, a functional group, and alkyl-chain spacer group which separates the anchor group and functional group and facilitates the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of functional organic molecules; to result in the formation of a self-assembled monolayer of functional organic molecule non-covalently bonded to the top and/or bottom basal plane of the graphene; (3) directed deposition of graphene onto a substrate involving patterning, either by photolithography or by soft lithography, the self-assembled monolayer of functional organic molecules to result in pre-defined areas on the substrate to enable the site-specific deposition of graphene at the pre-defined areas on the substrate; and (4) gas and liquid-phase sensing of target chemical or biological groups in a sample solution or vapor involving selecting a target moiety; selecting the functional head group of a graphene structure to selectively bind the target moiety; placing the modified graphene structure in a biosensor; exposing the biosensor to a sample solution or vapor; and monitoring and/or recording the selective binding of the target moiety to the functional head group of the graphene structure. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows side view of layer of molecule. Graphene sheet (1) Layer of molecule (3A) Anchor group (4A) Functional group (6A) Substrate (7)