▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The supercapacitor cell has an anode and a cathode having an anode active material and a cathode active material disposed in three dimensional porous anode current collector (236) and a three dimensional porous cathode current collector (238). The anode or cathode active material consists of graphene sheets, and constitutes electrode active loading more than 7 milligrams per cubic centimeter. When combined, the active materials exceed 30 wt.% of the supercapacitor cell. USE - Supercapacitor cell for use in hybrid electric vehicle such as electric car. ADVANTAGE - The cell has high active material mass loading, exceptionally low overhead weight and volume, high volumetric capacitance, and unprecedentedly high volumetric energy density, due to use of graphene sheets as anode or cathode active material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The supercapacitor cell has an anode and a cathode having an anode active material and a cathode active material disposed in three dimensional porous anode current collector (236) and a three dimensional porous cathode current collector (238). The anode or cathode active material consists of graphene sheets, and constitutes electrode active loading more than 7 milligrams per cubic centimeter. When combined, the active materials exceed 30 wt.% of the supercapacitor cell. The current collector consists of a conductive foam structure selected from metal foam, metal web, metal screen, perforated metal sheet-based three-dimensional structure, metal fiber mat, metal nanowire mat, conductive polymer nanofiber mat, conductive polymer foam, conductive polymer-coated fiber foam, carbon foam, graphite foam, carbon aerogel, carbon aerogel, graphene foam, graphene oxide foam, reduced graphene oxide foam, carbon fiber foam, graphite fiber foam, exfoliated graphite foam, and their combinations. The graphene sheets are coated with ruthenium oxide, titanium dioxide, manganese dioxide, chromium oxide, or cobalt oxide, or coated or grafted with intrinsically conductive polymer. The graphene sheets are selected from pristine graphene, graphene oxide, reduced graphene oxide, graphene fluoride, graphene chloride, graphene bromide, graphene iodide, hydrogenated graphene, nitrogenated graphene, boron-doped graphene, nitrogen-doped graphene, chemically functionalized graphene, their physically or chemically activated or etched versions, and their combinations. The functionalized graphene sheets comprise functional groups selected from quinone, hydroquinone, quaternized aromatic amines, mercaptans, disulfides, and their combinations. The non-graphene carbon material is selected from activated carbon, activated meso-carbon micro beads, activated graphite, activated or chemically etched carbon black, activated hard carbon, activated soft carbon, carbon nanotube, carbon nanofiber, activated carbon fiber, activated graphite fiber, exfoliated graphite worms, activated graphite worms, activated expanded graphite flakes, and their combinations. The metal oxide or inorganic material is selected from ruthenium oxide, iridium oxide, nickel oxide, manganese oxide, vanadium oxide, vanadia, titanium oxide, chromium oxide, cobalt oxide, lead dioxide, silver oxide, and molybdenum nitride. The inorganic material is also selected from a metal carbide, metal nitride, metal boride, metal dichalcogenide, or their combination. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the schematic view of a supercapacitor cell. Anode current collector (236) Porous cathode current collector (238) Top portions (240,242) Lower portion (244,246)