▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A membrane assembly (100) comprises at least one separation layer (105) containing surface-charged particles. The surface charged particles have surface excess of charges, and impart ion conductivity along the surface when hydrated. USE - Membrane assembly used for electrochemical device (claimed). Uses include but are not limited to fuel cells, electrolyzers, electrochemical synthesizers and solid-state batteries. ADVANTAGE - The membrane assembly has excellent stability over time, and reduces hydrogen crossover for anion exchange membranes protected by a thin layer containing layered double hydroxide (LDH) particles, and provides a non-limiting example for the relation between the conductivity and the operation temperature of separation layers with high LDH solids content. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for manufacture of the membrane assembly. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the membrane assembly. Membrane assembly (100) Separation layer (105) Polymer matrix (110) Ion-conductive particles (120) Anode-catalyst layer (130)