▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A functionalized graphene oxide has a basal plane fraction of carbon atoms in the sp2-hybridized state of 0.1-0.9. The remainder fraction of carbon atoms comprises sp3-hybridized carbon atoms which are bonded to oxygen groups, preferably hydroxyl, epoxy and/or carboxylic acid. The surface of the graphene oxide is functionalized with functional group(s) at a concentration greater than one functional group per 100 carbon atoms and less than one functional group per six carbon atoms. USE - A functionalized graphene oxide for use in a functionalized graphite oxide in the form of a liquid dispersion for electrically-conductive or heat-conductive coatings or formulations, infrared-emitting coatings, electrodes for devices, electrochemically active electrode in batteries, or semiconductor in field-effect transistors (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The functional groups render the graphene oxide more water-soluble or more organo-soluble. The material is dispersible at higher than 5 (preferably higher than 15) mg/mL in solvent without aggregating or precipitating over extended periods at room temperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a method of making the functionalized graphite oxide comprising oxidizing graphite to form graphite oxide, where the graphene sheets which make up the graphite have a basal plane fraction of carbon atoms in the sp2-hybridized state of 0.1-0.9; and exfoliating and in-situ functionalizing the graphite oxide surface with functional group(s) such that functionalization of the surface is effected at a concentration greater than one functional group per 100 carbon atoms and less than one functional group per six carbon atoms; (2) a material made of oxygen-containing graphene nanosheets surface-grafted with organic-soluble or water-soluble and capable of forming stable dispersions at high concentrations in organic or water-based solvents, where the ratio of oxygen atoms bonded to the graphene oxide nanosheet to the carbon atoms in the graphene nanosheet is sub-stoichiometric, i.e. oxygen-to-carbon ratio is less than 1:2; and (3) a method of making the material by chemical oxidation of bulk graphite, followed by exfoliation and in-situ functionalization with the desired surface-grafted components, followed by purification. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a graph of an X-ray diffraction of graphite oxide.