▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Combustion synthesis of reduced carbon materials, involves: initiating a combustion reaction between a refractory ceramic compound and a halogen-containing carbon substrate under a substantially oxygen-free inert atmosphere at 0.25-20 MPa, where after ignition the reaction is exothermic and self-propagating. The reaction results in the formation of reduced carbon materials. The reduced carbon materials comprise graphene, carbon mesoporous particles, or thin-walled carbon spheres. USE - For the combustion synthesis of reduced carbon materials such as mesoporous carbon nanoparticles with folded native graphene layers on the surfaces of the mesoporous carbon nanoparticles, carbon sheets or thin-walled carbon spheres, or graphene sheets, where the graphene sheets are 1-10 mu m in width, 1-10 mu m in length, and 1-10 Angstroms thick, used in thin film transistor, storage device, gas sensing device, or coatings (all claimed). Graphene materials are used in applications including electronics, energy conversion and storage technologies, and gas sensing technology. ADVANTAGE - The reduced carbon materials produced by the method contains very low i.e. less than 1 wt.%, preferably less than 0.4 wt.%, of oxygen. The present method does not require an external energy source because it occurs in a self-sustained synergetic manner after ignition. The method is flexible in terms of tuning the synthesis conditions for desired products, and the method can be scaled to provide kilogram quantities. The method is cost-effective relative to current technologies and is scalable for kilogram syntheses of carbon-based nano-structures such as graphene. The method prepares graphene without a furnace and without harsh chemical solutions. The method includes using a solid phase reaction to reach temperatures of 1800 K to produce graphene flakes. The reaction is self-propagating and thus requires only a small amount of energy for ignition. The process is conducted in a reaction chamber sealed with an inert gas environment. The process results in single or bi-layer graphene as well as other carbonous morphologies. In this method, fluorocarbon gases such as tetrafluoroethylene released due to PTFE decomposition in the combustion wave can reduce ceramics such as SiC to produce tetrafluorosilane (SiF4) gas and mesoporous carbon particles with folded "native" graphene layers on their surfaces. The continuous supply of carbon in the form of halocarbon gases, and the high reaction temperature (up to about 1400 K) enables further rapid growth of "free-standing" graphene sheets on the surface of the graphene-coated particles. The method provides a direct combustion-based method for synthesis of graphene, graphene composites, and micro-porous carbon materials with high specific surface areas. Moreover, it provides high quality product material; high yields of synthesized materials; has up-scaling ability of the process, low overall energy consumption, and requires simple apparatus. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure shows the reaction pathway of silicon carbide and polytetrafluoroethylene system.