▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Making (M1) a polymer matrix structure with controlled fiber alignment, comprises electrodepositing polymer fibers from an electrodeposition nozzle onto a surface of a target comprising a non-homogenous pattern of alternating ridges and valleys extending generally perpendicularly to a fiber alignment direction to produce an aligned electrical field for depositing the polymer fibers in the alignment direction, optionally where the periodicity, that is, the distance between centers of adjacent ridges, is less than or equal to 500 mu m, preferably less than or equal to 50 mu m, and/or the valleys having a depth of less than or equal to 15 mu m. USE - The method is useful for making a polymer matrix structure with controlled fiber alignment which to make vascular graft or heart valve graft, graft for tissue replacement or repair in a patient (all claimed) and complex articles in biological systems. ADVANTAGE - The method provides a polymer matrix structure with controlled fiber alignment. The method identifies the most effective geometry and substrate mechanics, and hence, developing processing technologies that allow for adequate control of meso scale topology, and at the same time, permitting process scalability to the organ level size. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) a system (S1) for the production of variably anisotropic fiber matrices; (2) making (M2) a vascular graft or heart valve graft; (3) making (M3) a graft for tissue replacement or repair in a patient; (4) repairing or replacing (M4) tissue e.g. vascular or heart valve tissue, in a patient; and (5) a system (S2) for use in preparing a three-dimensional article comprising variably anisotropic fiber matrices.