▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Optical sensor comprises a substrate; and a sensing surface comprising a graphene layer located on the substrate, where the graphene layer is chemically modified with an analyte-specific binding substance. USE - The optical sensor is useful for determining makeup of any analyte that acts to shift peak surface plasmon resonance (SPR) of graphene. It can also be used as chemical sensor for chemicals such as explosives; as environmental sensor for pollutants; or as biosensor for detecting biomolecules, such as DNA, viruses, or protein interactions. ADVANTAGE - In the optical sensor, graphene displays many advantageous electrical properties such as electronic coherence at near room temperature and quantum interference effects. Ballistic transport properties in small scale structures are also expected in graphene layers. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are: (1) a method of using optical sensor, where the optical sensor comprises a sensing surface comprising graphene layer, the sensing surface is located on a substrate, comprising determining a first optical absorption spectrum for the graphene layer by a spectrophotometer; adding an analyte, the analyte selected to cause a shift in the first optical absorption spectrum, to the graphene layer; determining a second optical absorption spectrum for the modified graphene layer by a spectrophotometer; determining a shift between the first optical absorption spectrum and the second optical absorption spectrum; and determining a makeup of the analyte based on the determined shift; and (2) a method of making optical sensor comprising forming a sensing surface comprising a graphene layer; transferring the graphene layer to a substrate; and chemically modifying the graphene layer with an analyte-specific binding substance.