▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The method involves immersing portion (4) of a first electrode (5) in a liquid (3) containing the lamellar objects to be exfoliated and to be functionalized. The second electrode (6) is placed out of the liquid. The portion (7) of the second electrode is opposite a surface (8) of the liquid. The plasma (9) is generated between portion of the second electrode facing the surface of the liquid and surface of the liquid by applying a pulse voltage difference between the first and the second electrode. The voltage difference between the first and the second electrodes is greater than 1000 Volts. The distance (dl) between a portion of the second electrode facing the surface of the liquid and the surface of the liquid is greater than 1 mu m. The time of application of the voltage difference between the first and the second electrode is greater than 10 picoseconds. USE - Method for exfoliation and functionalization of lamellar objects such as graphene or graphenic materials in liquid route by acidic and oxidizing chemical treatment, incorporated into composite materials e.g. polymer composites. ADVANTAGE - The method avoids the use of harmful chemical compounds or having a significant environmental impact and obtains lamellar materials of a few layers. The method obtains lamellar materials of a few layers from macroscopic lamellar materials. The lamellar materials are functionalized. The method obtains lamellar materials in a single step and functionalizes lamellar materials in a single step and obtains lamellar materials functionalized in a single step. The method introduces few structural defects in the lamellar materials obtained and in the functionalized lamellar materials obtained. The device is energy efficient, easy and simple to use. The device controls the lamellar materials obtained and the functionalized lamellar materials obtained. The discharge regime allows high-energy plasma functionalization while having a low-energy process, with an average power of between 10 and 120 W depending on the discharge conditions. The process is allowed to evolve until currents of a few amps are reached. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - The time interval between two successive applications of the pulse voltage difference between the first and the second electrode is greater than 0.1 ns. A pressure of a gas (2) in which the second electrode is placed is greater than 1 Pascal (Pa) and less than 1.107Pa. The first electrode and the second electrode comprise a refractory material in a majority proportion. The first and second electrodes comprise tungsten and carbon. The lamellar objects to be exfoliated and to be functionalized comprise graphite, a clay material, transition metal chalcogenides, phyllosilicates and a graphenic material. The lamellar objects to be exfoliated and to be functionalized comprise graphite and a graphenic material and in which the exfoliated and functionalized objects are graphene. The lamellar objects to be exfoliated and to be functionalized have dimension greater than 100 nanometers. The voltage difference between the first and the second electrodes so as to increase the exfoliation and the functionalization of the lamellar objects contained in the liquid by increasing or decreasing the voltage difference between the first and the second electrode, and decrease the exfoliation and the functionalization of the lamellar objects contained in the liquid by reducing or increasing the voltage difference between the first and the second electrode. The frequency between two successive applications of the difference in the voltage difference so as to increase the exfoliation and the functionalization of the lamellar objects contained in the liquid by increasing the frequency between two successive applications of the difference in the voltage difference, and reduce the exfoliation and the functionalization of the lamellar objects contained in the liquid by reducing the frequency between two successive applications of the difference in the voltage difference. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for a device (1) for exfoliation and functionalization of lamellar objects, which has a first electrode comprising portion intended to be immersed in a liquid containing the lamellar objects to be exfoliated and to be functionalized. The second electrode intended to be placed outside the liquid. The portion of second electrode is intended to be facing a surface of the liquid. The pulsed power generator (10) emits electrical pulses between the first and second electrode. The first electrode has a portion (12) intended to be positioned in a gas in which the second electrode is arranged and is separated by a distance (d2) from the second electrode. The distance d2 is adapted as a function of the nature and of a pressure of the gas in which the second electrode is arranged so that the voltage difference applied by the generator is less than the breakdown voltage in the gas, where an absence of a portion intended to be positioned in the gas in which the second electrode is placed. The plane comprising portion of second electrode is intended to be arranged opposite the surface of the liquid. One end (13) of portion of first electrode intended to be immersed in the liquid. The distance (d3) between the end of portion of the first electrode intended to be immersed in the liquid and the plane (p1) is greater than 2 mm. The distance dl between the plane pl and the surface of the liquid is greater than 1 pm, and a distance (d4), equal to the difference between d3 and dl, between a plane (p2) comprising the end of portion of first electrode intended to be immersed in the liquid and the surface of the liquid is more than 1mm. The liquid contains the lamellar objects to be exfoliated and functionalized. The first and second electrodes are arranged relative to each other so that the generator is arranged to apply a voltage difference adapted so as to generate plasma between portion of second electrode arranged opposite the surface of the liquid and surface of the liquid. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the device for exfoliation and functionalization of lamellar objects. (Drawing includes non-English language text) Device for exfoliation and functionalization of lamellar objects (1) Gas (2) Liquid (3) Portion of first electrode (4) First electrode (5) Second electrode (6) Portion of second electrode (7) Surface of liquid (8) Plasma (9) Pulsed power generator (10) Nanosecond chopper (11) Portion intended to be positioned in gas (12) End of portion of first electrode (13) Distance (d1-d4) Plane (p1,p2)