▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Composite material with heterogeneous structure comprises phosphorized graphene as a carrier and cobalt-iron phosphide loaded on the carrier. The phosphorized graphene is foam, the cobalt-iron phosphide is cubic granular, and a heterostructure is formed between the phosphorized graphene and the cobalt-iron phosphide. The atom mass ratio of cobalt and iron in the cobalt-iron phosphide is 3:1-1:3. The atom mass ratio of cobalt and phosphorus in the cobalt-iron phosphide is 1:20-1:40. The atom mass ratio of iron and phosphorus in the cobalt-iron phosphide is 1:70-1:100. The mass ratio of cobalt-iron phosphide and graphene in the composite material is 1:10-1:100. The composite material is obtained by growing a cobalt-iron metal organic framework structure on the surface of graphene, and phosphating treatment. USE - The composite material is useful in field of electrochemical catalysis, electrochemical hydrogen evolution, electrochemical oxygen evolution or 5-hydroxymethylfurfural oxidation reaction (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The composite material: has high conductivity, excellent stability, high repeatability, excellent catalytic effect in electrochemical hydrogen evolution and/or oxygen evolution reaction, and excellent selectivity for oxidation of 5 hydroxymethylfurfural to furandicarboxylic acid. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: preparing the composite material with heterogeneous structure, comprising performing hydrothermal reaction on graphene oxide, then freeze-drying to obtain foamy multi-edge graphene, reacting a mixed system comprising cobalt salt, iron salt, organic ligand and foam-shaped multi-edge graphene, growing a cobalt-iron metal organic framework structure on the surface of the foam-shaped multi-edge graphene to obtain a cobalt-iron metal organic framework/graphene composite material, and calcining the cobalt-iron metal organic framework/graphene composite material in a phosphating atmosphere to obtain the finished product; an electrochemical catalyst, comprising the composite material with heterogeneous structure; and preparing furandicarboxylic acid by electrocatalyzing 5-hydroxymethylfurfural, comprising making an electrochemical oxidation reaction of the electrolyte containing the catalyst and 5-hydroxymethylfurfural to obtain furandicarboxylic acid, where the catalyst is the electrochemical catalyst.