▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A multiple-layer gas diffusion electrode comprises a gas diffusion layer (42) comprising a support layer (48), a microporous layer (50) having pores which are sized to maintain gaseous carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their combination for electro-reduction, and a catalytic layer comprising a catalyst favoring reduction of the gaseous carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their combination. The support layers (48, 50) are hydrophobic and electrically conductive. The layer (42) is electrically conductive from one layer to another. USE - Multiple-layer gas diffusion electrode of membrane electrode assembly used for electro-reduction of carbon dioxide and carbon monoxide to multi-carbon product (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The multiple-layer gas diffusion electrode provides carbon product at high current density over a period of hundreds of hours. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: production of the gas diffusion electrode comprising gas diffusion layer and catalytic layer, which involves providing hydrophobic and conductive support layer, blade-coating a microporous layer ink on the support layer, in which the microporous layer ink comprising conductive particles and a hydrophobic polymer to form the microporous layer, heat treating the microporous layer to sinter the hydrophobic polymer within a network of the conductive particles and form gas diffusion layer, and spraying a catalyst ink comprising catalyst particles and a binder on the gas diffusion layer to form the catalytic layer; a spacer, which is positioned between an ion exchange membrane and an anode of a membrane electrode assembly, and comprises a hydrophilic, porous and non-conductive layer; a membrane electrode assembly (30) for electro-reduction of the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their combination into multi-carbon product, which comprises a cathode (32), an anode, an ion exchange membrane positioned between the cathode and anode, with the ion exchange membrane which is in contact with the cathode, and the spacer positioned between the ion exchange membrane and anode; a reactor, which comprises the membrane electrode assembly, a support structure comprising a pair of opposed support sub-structures, each support substructure contacting one side of the membrane electrode assembly to uniformly maintain the membrane electrode assembly in between the pair of opposed support substructures. The support substructure comprises at least one layer of a porous and electrically conductive material to ensure flow of reactant, product, electrolyte and electron to or from the anode and cathode of the membrane electrode assembly; method for facilitating operation of an electro-reduction system converting carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their mixture into carbon products, which involves injecting the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their mixture into an inlet of a cathodic compartment of the electro-reduction system to perform electro-reduction of the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their mixture into the carbon product by (i) forming carbonate salt in the cathodic compartment along a flow path, (ii) injecting a rinsing fluid into the inlet of cathodic compartment to dissolve and remove at least a portion of the carbonate salt along flow path to form a salt-enriched fluid, and (iii) recovering at least one of the carbon product and salt-enriched fluid from an outlet of the cathodic compartment; an electro-reduction system, which comprises a cathodic compartment comprising a gas diffusion electrode which sustains the electro-reduction, an inlet in fluid communication with the gas diffusion electrode, and a distribution assembly comprising a supply piping (s1) in fluid communication with a source of the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their mixture, and supplying the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their mixture into the inlet of cathodic compartment to perform electro-reduction, a supply piping (s2) in fluid communication with a source of a rinsing fluid, a valve actuable to fluidly connect the inlet of cathodic compartment to the supply piping (s2) for injecting rinsing fluid into inlet of cathodic compartment by dissolving and removing at least a portion of the carbonate salt along the flow path to form a salt-enriched fluid, and a pump to control a volumetric flow rate of the rinsing fluid to cathodic compartment; an electrolyzer stack reactor, which comprises a pair of end plates comprising a proximal end plate and a distal end plate, multiple repeat cell units positioned between the proximal end plate and distal end plate, where each repeat cell unit comprises a cathodic flow field having a cathodic inlet and a cathodic outlet, an anodic flow field having an anodic inlet and anodic outlet, and a membrane electrode assembly positioned between the cathodic flow field and anodic flow field, a manifold assembly to distribute the carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their mixture and carbon products to or from each repeat cell unit in parallel, and comprises a cathodic inlet manifold, an anodic inlet manifold, a cathodic outlet manifold and an anodic outlet manifold, and a pair of busbar extending across the multiple repeat cell unit and comprises an anodic busbar electrically connecting the anodic flow field in parallel, and a cathodic busbar electrically connecting the cathodic flow field of each one of the multiple repeat cell units in parallel; and method for diagnosing and isolating faulty repeat cell unit in electrolyzer stack reactor, which involves electrically connecting each cathode of repeat cell units in parallel to a cathodic busbar, electrically connecting each anode of repeat cell units in parallel to an anodic busbar, fluidly connecting cathode of repeat cell units in parallel to a cathode manifold assembly for distributing carbon dioxide, carbon monoxide or their mixture and recovering carbon product, fluidly connecting each anode of the repeat cell units in parallel to an anode manifold assembly for distributing an anolyte and recovering used anolyte, monitoring electrical current of repeat cell unit to detect potential faulty operation of repeat cell unit, and detecting the faulty repeat cell unit by passing the faulty repeat cell unit by fluidly and/or electrically disconnecting the faulty repeat cell unit from adjacent repeat cell units. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a cross-sectional view of the electro-reduction reactor. 10Cathodic flow field assembly 30Membrane electrode assembly 32Cathode 42Gas diffusion layer 46Stabilization layer 48Support layer 50Microporous layer