▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Aqueous composition (C1), comprises: a cationic polyelectrolyte; an anionic polyelectrolyte; 0.025-10 wt.% nanostructures; and a crosslinking agent. USE - The compositions are useful for forming coating (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The compositions: provide coatings advantageously can be monolayer coatings and can be applied on or adjacent to surface, i.e. metal, ceramic, glass, and other substrates or supports; provide coatings can also be provided as self-supporting, mono- or multi-layer films which can be applied on or adjacent to a surface; are mixed with or otherwise included with other polymeric or non-polymeric materials as one of several elements of composite structure; are relatively high loading levels of finely dispersed nanostructures due to dispersive nature of the anionic and cationic polyelectrolyte; and improve microbe resistance of surfaces, have improved tribological properties, hardness and strength. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) composition (C2), comprising a cationic polyelectrolyte, an anionic polyelectrolyte, nanostructures, a non-water solvent and a crosslinking agent, where the nanostructures comprise unfunctionalized graphene nanoparticles; (2) antimicrobial coating comprising the composition; (3) coating comprising a crosslinked polyelectrolyte network comprising a cationic polyelectrolyte and an anionic polyelectrolyte and 1-50 wt.% nanostructures dispersed in the crosslinked polyelectrolyte network, based on the total weight of the coating, and the coating has a pencil hardness of at least 6 H; (4) providing coating solution comprising mixing an aqueous solution comprising a cationic polyelectrolyte, an aqueous solution comprising an anionic polyelectrolyte and a crosslinking agent, thus providing a coating solution, where each of the aqueous solution comprising the cationic polyelectrolyte and the aqueous solution comprising the anionic polyelectrolyte comprise nanostructures dispersed, the aqueous solution comprising the cationic polyelectrolyte has a pH of less than or equal to 7.5 and the aqueous solution comprising the anionic polyelectrolyte has a pH of less than 2; (5) coating a substrate comprising applying a coating solution to a surface of a substrate, thus providing a coated substrate, the coating solution comprising an mixture of (a1) an aqueous cationic polyelectrolyte solution comprising a cationic polyelectrolyte and nanostructures dispersed, (b1) an aqueous anionic polyelectrolyte solution comprising an anionic polyelectrolyte and nanoparticles dispersed, and, (c1) a crosslinking agent, applying a curing solution to the coated substrate, thus providing a curable coated substrate and, drying the curable coated substrate, thus crosslinking the cationic polyelectrolyte and the anionic polyelectrolyte to form a crosslinked polyelectrolyte network having nanoparticles dispersed therein on the surface of the substrate; and (6) kit for coating a substrate comprising a coating solution comprising an mixture of a cationic polyelectrolyte, an anionic polyelectrolyte, nanostructures, and, a crosslinking agent, a curing solution comprising a volatile buffering agent and instructions for applying the coating solution to a substrate and allowing the applied coating solution to dry before then applying the curing solution to cure the coating solution into a coating under ambient conditions.