▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Stable colloidal graphene dispersions are produced by (i) stirring graphite oxide in water dispersion or aprotic solvent until a colloidal graphene oxide dispersion is obtained as a solution clear to the eye, and if not clear after 1-5 hours of stirring, removing any undissolved impurities in the dispersion by centrifugation or filtration to form a colloidal graphene oxide dispersion, as a solution clear to the eye; and (ii) thermally reducing graphene oxide in colloidal dispersion at greater than or equal to 120 degrees C, preferably 170 degrees C, in an autoclave to ensure that the water dispersion or aprotic solvent is not evaporated, to form a colloidal graphene dispersion with carbon/oxygen (C/O) ratio of greater than or equal to 4, preferably greater than or equal to 20. USE - Production of stable colloidal graphene dispersions for producing graphene layer or graphene particles for use as electrode material in rechargeable lithium ion batteries (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The multi-graphene has improved intercalating features, i.e. larger inter-planar distances than graphite. Reduction of graphite oxide or graphene oxide composite materials or coatings may be performed in the presence of materials that treated with the methods of the state of the art would be destroyed, either by the chemical reaction or by the high temperature. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) production of graphene layer or graphene particles which involves depositing or precipitating the dispersion of step (i) on a substrate and then performing step (ii); (2) use of a stable colloidal graphene dispersion for providing nanoparticles with an electronically conducting coating having a C/O ratio of greater than or equal to 13.5; (3) generating electronically conducting nanoparticles which involves coating nanoparticles with the graphene dispersion or coating nanoparticles with a graphene oxide dispersion, and then thermally reducing coated particles in dispersion to get nanoparticles coated with graphene; and (4) preparation of electrode for rechargeable lithium ion batteries which involves providing graphene and coating a conductor with the graphene, optionally in the presence of a binder.