▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Monolayer graphene-based sensor comprises: (a) at least 3 different isolated/synthetic nucleic acid probes for identifying the presence of at least 3 different Plasmodiumspecies in the biological sample; (b) a linker for binding the isolated/synthetic nucleic acid probes to the graphene sensor, where the linker comprises 1-pyrenebutyric acid succinimidyl ester, (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide, and/or acridine orange succinimidyl ester; (c) at least 1 isolated/synthetic nucleic acid probe for identifying the presence of at least 1 Plasmodiumspecies that is resistant to at least 1 antimalarial drug; and (d) at least 1 isolated/synthetic nucleic acid probe for detecting the presence of at least 1 single nucleotide polymorphism in the subject that influence the malaria treatment response of the subject. USE - The monolayer graphene-based sensor or kit is useful for rapidly diagnosing malaria using a non-invasive biological sample obtained from a subject, where the non-invasive biological sample is a saliva sample or a urine sample (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The sensor: has the ability to diagnose malaria in less than one hour, preferably less than 40 minutes; is able to simultaneously detect the presence of different Plasmodiumspecies, presence of drug-resistant Plasmodiumspecies, and also the presence of a relevant polymorphism in a subject, preferably G6PD single nucleotide polymorphisms; is heat resistant and utilizes saliva as a diagnostic sample that makes ideal for mass, rapid, field deployment; and assists the medical teams on suitable treatments, thus increasing treatment success rates. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: a kit comprising the sensor, where the sensor comprises the components (a), (c) and (d) as per se; and obtaining the sensor comprising obtaining a graphene field-effect transistor comprising a graphene monolayer, functionalizing the graphene monolayer with a linker comprising 1-pyrenebutyric acid succinimidyl ester, (9-fluorenylmethoxycarbonyloxy)succinimide and/or acridine orange succinimidyl ester, immobilizing many amine terminated isolated/synthetic nucleic acid probes comprising the components (a), (c) and (d) as per se.