▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Saline water comprising divalent ions, is deionized by contacting the saline water with a diffusion barrier (100) to remove portion of the divalent ions from the saline water thus forming deionized water. The diffusion barrier comprises a polymer substrate, an adhesive layer disposed on the polymer substrate, and a graphene-containing layer disposed on the adhesive layer. The graphene-containing layer comprises reduced graphene oxide with an interlayer spacing between atomic layers of 0.7-1.5 nm. USE - The method is useful for deionizing saline water comprising divalent ions (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The method can prevent scale buildup in desalination processes; is environment-friendly and economically feasible; can prevent scale buildup in desalination processes; and can increase the performance ratio and efficiency of desalination processes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for fabricating a diffusion barrier, which involves applying an adhesive layer onto a polymer substrate; applying a graphene-containing layer comprising graphene oxide onto the adhesive layer; and treating the graphene-containing layer with hydrogen iodide to reduce portion of the graphene oxide to reduced-graphene oxide, thus fabricating the diffusion barrier. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a top-view of disk-shape diffusion barrier. Diffusion barrier (100)