▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Producing (M1) a resin reinforced with graphene nanoparticles (GNP) or with a combination of GNP and carbon nanotubes (CNT), includes: (a) dispersing GNP or combination of GNP and CNT in a monomer mixture of a resin, performing 1-10 cycles of calendering, maintaining the speed of the calendering cycles at 150-500 rpm, and reducing the gap between rollers in each calendering cycle from 150 mu m to 2 mu m; (b) eliminating gases formed under vacuum; (c) adding a crosslinking compound; and (d) curing the obtained mixture. USE - The method is useful for producing a resin reinforced with GNP or with a combination of GNP and CNT, where the reinforced resin is useful: in a material i.e. a paint or a coating for preventing ice formation or to detach ice formed in a substrate or on a surface of a substrate; to repair of a substrate, or surface of a substrate; for adhering a substrate-A to a substrate-B; and for protecting substrates from adverse weather conditions comprising a frost (all claimed). DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Producing (M1) a resin reinforced with graphene nanoparticles (GNP) or with a combination of GNP and carbon nanotubes (CNT), includes: (a) dispersing GNP or combination of GNP and CNT in a monomer mixture of a resin, performing 1-10 cycles of calendering, maintaining the speed of the calendering cycles at 150-500 rpm, and reducing the gap between rollers in each calendering cycle from 150 mu m to 2 mu m; (b) eliminating gases formed under vacuum; (c) adding a crosslinking compound; and (d) curing the obtained mixture, where the amount of GNP or combination of GNP and CNT is at least to reach the electric percolation threshold concentrations of the corresponding GNPs and CNTs, members of the reinforced resin. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) the resin reinforced with GNP, or combination of GNP and CNT obtained by the method, where the resin comprises at least 7 wt.% GNP, and 0.05 wt.% by CNT, where the reinforced resin with the combination of CNG and CNT comprises GNP and CNT at concentrations that are above the electric percolation threshold concentrations of the GNP and the corresponding CNT, integral of the reinforced resin; (2) a material, comprising the reinforced resin; (3) a method (M2) for preventing (M2) ice formation or to detach ice formed in a substrate or on a surface of a substrate, comprising: including the reinforced resin or the material in the composition of the substrate; or coating the surface of the substrate with the resin or with the material, and applying to the substrate or on the surface of substrate, a voltage that generates an increase in temperature by Joule effect on the substrate or on the surface of the substrate to prevent the formation of ice or to release the ice formed on substrate or on the surface of substrate; (4) a method (M3) for repairing a substrate, or the surface of a substrate, comprising: the steps (a)-(c) as per se; (d1) adding the obtained mixture to the substrate or on the surface of the substrate to be repaired; and (e1) curing the mixture obtained in step (c) by applying a voltage of 75-300 V and increasing the temperature in the substrate or on the surface of the substrate, where the amount of GNP, or combination of GNP and CNT in the mixture obtained in step (c) is above the electric percolation threshold concentrations of the GNP and CNT; and (5) a method (M4) for adhering a substrate-A to a substrate-B, comprising: the steps (a)-(c) as per se; (d2) adding the mixture obtained in step (c) onto a surface of the substrate-A; (e2) contacting the surface of the substrate-A of step (d2) with a surface of the substrate-B; and (f2) applying a voltage of 75-300 V on any of the surfaces in contact and increasomg the temperature to cause the mixture obtained in step (c) to cure and adhere the surfaces in contact of the substrate-A and the substrate-B, respectively, where the amount of GNP, or the amounts of GNP and CNT of mixture are above the electric percolation threshold concentrations of GNP and CNT.