▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A composition for accelerating differentiation of stem cells comprises graphene on an implantable, biocompatible scaffold for support of tissue growth. USE - For accelerating differentiation of stem cells or osteoblasts in the absence of growth factors or external stimulation; useful for repairing and improving bone tissue function (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The graphene is low cost, biocompatible and provides unique properties that enhance the differentiation of stem cells into cells of interest, particularly bone cells. The graphene is strong material, yet extremely flexible and is not brittle. The graphene can be transferred on any flat or irregular shaped surface and graphene-coated flexible supporting substrates can be easily bent into any shape required. The cell differentiation rates with graphene are comparable to the ones achieved with the common growth factors. The graphene provides differentiation of stem cells in the presence of osteogenic medium that does not require additional growth factors or replenishment of growth factors. The graphene has compatibility with implants and can be deposited on any substrate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) directing (M1) stem cell differentiation in the absence of growth factors or external stimulation, involving: placing stem cells on a graphene substrate and exposing to a culture media to allow the stem cells to differentiate in cells of interest; and (2) repairing and improving bone tissue function involving directing stem cell differentiation by placing the stem cells on graphene in the absence of growth factors or external stimulation, and transplanting the differentiated stem cells in the tissue at the site of repair.