▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A conductive ink is applied with a printer in single or multiple passes on a substrate. The conductive ink contains electroconductor chosen from carbon nanotubes, graphene, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, metal nanoparticles, inherently conductive polymer (excluding poly(3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene)) and ionic liquid. The conductive ink on substrate is dried to form adherent conductive material on substrate. The adherent conductive material has surface resistivity of 100 ohms/square or less. USE - Formation of conductive material used for forming surface cleaning coating for apparatus, producing wire (all claimed), damage reduction system, particle removal system and smart coating system. ADVANTAGE - The method enables formation of conductive material having reduced surface resistivity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) apparatus having surface cleaning coating; (2) formation of surface cleaning coating; (3) wire; and (4) production of wire. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the schematic view of the damage reduction system. Electroconductive wire core (111) Insulative layer (112) Electrically insulative material layer (113) Damage reduction system (118) Electrical signal generator (131)