▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Biosensor device (100), comprises a detection chip (300) comprising a substrate with a graphene surface, a conducting material at a first end and a second end of the graphene surface that form a first electrode and a second electrode, respectively, and an insulating material to insulate the first electrode and the second electrode, where the probe is attached to the graphene surface, the probe preferably bind to at least one target molecule of at least one pathogen, and the insulating material forms a well to receive a biological sample so that the biological sample is in contact with the probe. The aptamer comprises a nucleic acid or a peptide. The nucleic acid is double-stranded or single-stranded. The target molecule is a nucleic acid or a protein. The target molecule includes an S protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus (SARS-CoV)-2, an N protein of SARS-CoV-2, or their variants or subunits. USE - The device is useful for: environmental monitoring to detect at least one pathogen in a biological sample obtained from a subject, where the pathogens are at least one variant of a coronavirus, the variants of the coronavirus include SARS-CoV, SARS-CoV-2, and Middle East respiratory syndrome-CoV, the biological sample comprises saliva, exhaled breath, nasal swab, or nasopharyngeal swab of the subject, and the pathogen comprises at least one of a heavy metal, a small molecule agricultural toxin, a water-borne bacterial pathogen, an aquatic toxin, a pesticide, an industrial byproduct, an antibiotics, or a pharmaceutical (all claimed); and detecting the presence of a pathogen, e.g. virus (e.g. SARS-CoV-2), or its molecular components in health care-related samples and/or environmental samples. ADVANTAGE - The device: is hand-held, self-contained, portable, diagnostic device incorporates wireless communication technology and allows highly specific and sensitive pathogen detection with results reported within minutes; enables rapid and precise identification of SARS-CoV-2 and potentially other emerging viral antigens around the world; records interaction of sample (e.g. virus, spike proteins) to probe (e.g. aptamer) at the highest resolution (lowest number) with low power consumption; achieves read-out in 10 minutes, sample can be from saliva, aerosols, and body fluids, e.g. nasal or nasopharyngeal, high accuracy (~95%), sensitivity to as few as 20-30 viruses which enables early detection, wireless contact tracing, portability with low power (9 V battery) requirement and cell phone-comparable dimension, inexpensive mass production capability and non-technical operation requirement, i.e. easy-to-use with layman's training without any medical professional help; utilizes sensitivity of the graphene FET, which enables detection of very low concentrations, and the portability and cost-effectiveness that can serve as large-scale early warning systems for biological threats; and allows faster read-outs, low power consumption, portability, inexpensive mass production, integrated sensor and measurement systems, and no labelling of biomolecules. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) detecting (M1) the presence of at least one pathogen in a biological sample obtained from a subject using the biosensor device; and (2) environmental monitoring (M2) using the biosensor device. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The figure illustrates cross-sectional view of detection device in assembled state. Biosensor device (100) Cartridge (150) Cap (170) Detection chip (300) Disposable mouth piece (360)