▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Method of manufacturing a graphene oxide-based membrane, involves (A) immersing graphene oxide-based layers in a water-based solution, (B) stirring the water-based solution in a swirling motion until the graphene oxide-based layers each physically curve, (C) adding a crosslinker to the water-based solution to cause the formation of saccate graphene oxide-based cells that are connected to each other via channels, and (D) stacking the saccate graphene oxide-based cells on a porous substrate to form a graphene oxide-based membrane. USE - The method is used for manufacturing a graphene oxide-based membrane, which is used for separating chemicals from a fluid stream (all claimed). The graphene oxide-based membrane can be used as nanofiltration membranes, biofiltration membranes, ion exchange membranes, and desalination membranes for water treatment, purification, pharmaceutical, chemical separation, and blood cleaning. The membranes are used for the selective separation of ions and organics, the selective separation of different ions, the selective separation of viruses and red blood cells, based on the size, the charge property, and/or the hydrophilicity. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) a porous graphene oxide-based membrane, comprising a porous substrate, and saccate graphene oxide-based cells on the porous substrate; and (2) a method of separating chemicals from a fluid stream by using a graphene oxide-based membrane, comprising preparing the graphene oxide-based membrane, adjusting a filtration pressure of influent passing through the graphene oxide-based membrane, and backwashing the graphene oxide-based membrane to prolong the serviceable life span of the graphene oxide-based membrane.