▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Formation (100) of e.g. woven-like carbon-rich nanostructures and/or bone-like carbon-rich nanostructures, involves functionalizing a substrate, forming (102) carbon-containing fibers on the substrate using a mixture containing a carbon fiber precursor, forming (104) a two- or multi-phase structure by adding thermoplastic material, forming thermoplastic connections and melting thermoplastic material by heating to form (106) nanostructured network comprising carbon-containing fibers connected to each other via the thermoplastic connections, forming (108) a carbon-rich nanostructure by increasing carbon content of the nanostructured network, and adding an additive containing thermoplastic material, a resin, a dye, a nanostructured additive, a biomaterial, a macromolecule, a superstructure and/or an electrolyte, to the carbon-rich nanostructure by coating a layer of the additive with a thickness up to 1 mm on the carbon-rich nanostructure. USE - Formation of woven-like carbon-rich nanostructures, bone-like carbon-rich nanostructures, bone-tissue-like carbon-rich nanostructures, multiaxial intertwined woven-like nanostructures, fish-like nanopatterned carbon-rich nanostructures, dome-shaped intertwined woven-like nanostructures, quantum size fibrous structures, sharp-fold controlled-topology, sharp-jagged nanocomposites, hollow sphere bone-tissue-like shell, multiple scaled porous structures, and/or nanocomposites of multiple scaled porous structures, used for reinforcing bone-cements especially for regenerating of load-bearing bone defects. ADVANTAGE - The method enables easy, economical and large-scale formation of safe and biocompatible woven-like carbon-rich nanostructures, bone-like carbon-rich nanostructures, bone-tissue-like carbon-rich nanostructures, multiaxial intertwined woven-like nanostructures, fish-like nanopatterned carbon-rich nanostructures, dome-shaped intertwined woven-like nanostructures, quantum size fibrous structures, sharp-fold controlled-topology, sharp-jagged nanocomposites, hollow sphere bone-tissue-like shell, multiple scaled porous structures, and/or nanocomposites of multiple scaled porous structures, without shrinkage, swelling, and deformation of nanostructures. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Formation of woven-like carbon-rich nanostructures, bone-like carbon-rich nanostructures, bone-tissue-like carbon-rich nanostructures, multiaxial intertwined woven-like nanostructures, fish-like nanopatterned carbon-rich nanostructures, dome-shaped intertwined woven-like nanostructures, quantum size fibrous structures, sharp-fold controlled-topology, sharp-jagged nanocomposites, hollow sphere bone-tissue-like shell, multiple scaled porous structures, and/or nanocomposites of multiple scaled porous structures, involves functionalizing a substrate by adding a layer of a resin on the substrate, adding a layer of thermoplastic material(s) on the substrate, adding a layer of nanostructures on the substrate, forming a pattern of a magnetic material on the substrate, adding a layer of an electroconductive material on the substrate, adding a patterned layer of an electroconductive material on the substrate, and/or etching surface of the substrate, forming carbon-containing fibers on the substrate using a mixture containing a carbon fiber precursor, forming a two- or multi-phase structure by adding thermoplastic material(s) having a melting point of less than 450° C to the carbon-containing fibers, forming thermoplastic connections among the carbon-containing fibers, and melting thermoplastic material among the carbon-containing fibers by heating the two- or multi-phase system at a temperature of up to 450° C to form nanostructured network comprising carbon-containing fibers connected to each other via the thermoplastic connections, forming a carbon-rich nanostructure by increasing carbon content of the nanostructured network via removing at least one non-carbon containing element in the form of gases from the nanostructured network, and removing the at least one non-carbon containing element by heating the nanostructured network at a temperature of 800° C or more under an inert atmosphere, and adding an additive comprising thermoplastic material, a resin, a drug, a protein, an enzyme, a catalyst, a hydrogel, a vitamin, a softener agent, a metamaterial, a liposome, a dye, a nanostructured additive, a biomaterial, a macromolecule, a superstructure, bis(ethylenedithio)tetraselenafulvalene (BETS) metal compound and/or an electrolyte, to the carbon-rich nanostructure by coating a layer of the additive with a thickness up to 1 mm on the carbon-rich nanostructure. An INDEPENDENT CLAIM is included for method for controlling topology of carbon-rich nanostructures, which involves forming carbon-containing fibers using mixture containing carbon fiber precursor, forming two- or multi-phase system by adding thermoplastic material to the carbon-containing fibers, forming nanostructured network by forming thermoplastic connections among the carbon-containing fibers, forming the nanostructured network, and increasing carbon content of the nanostructured network by removing at least one non-carbon containing element in the form of gases from the nanostructured network, and removing at least one non-carbon containing element by heating the nanostructured network at a temperature of 800° C or more under an inert atmosphere. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a flowchart for controlling topology of carbon-rich nanostructures. 100Formation of woven-like carbon-rich nanostructures, bone-like carbon-rich nanostructures, bone-tissue-like carbon-rich nanostructures, multiaxial intertwined woven-like nanostructures, fish-like nanopatterned carbon-rich nanostructures, dome-shaped intertwined woven-like nanostructures, quantum size fibrous structures, sharp-fold controlled-topology, sharp-jagged nanocomposites, hollow sphere bone-tissue-like shell, multiple scaled porous structures, and/or nanocomposites of multiple scaled porous structures 102Formation of carbon-containing fibers 104Formation of two- or multi-phase structure 106Formation of nanostructured network 108Formation of carbon-rich nanostructure