▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Photocrosslinkable agent (PCA-1) comprises (a) at least one methacrylate-modified nanoparticle comprising (i) a nanoparticles, (ii) many molecules attached to surface of the nanoparticle, and at least a portion of the molecules comprising at least a first molecule, where the first molecule comprises at least one nanoparticle surface attachment ligand and at least one terminal methacrylate ligand. USE - The agent is useful: in a photocrosslinkable ink for forming a material or structure, and a photocrosslinked material (all claimed); and for various medical and nonmedical applications, preferably for implantable hydrogels. ADVANTAGE - The agent exhibits physical interactions with radiation (or photons) at wavelengths across the electromagnetic spectrum, as well as with electrons. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) a photocrosslinkable ink (PCI-1) for forming a material or structure, comprising a solvent, many methacrylate-modified nanoparticles, the methacrylate-modified nanoparticles comprising a nanoparticles, many molecules attached to the surface of the nanoparticle, at least a portion of the molecules comprising at least a first molecule comprising at least one nanoparticle surface attachment ligand and at least one terminal methacrylate ligand, optionally many methacrylate-modified macromolecules and a photoinitiator; (2) a photocrosslinked material comprising the photocrosslinkable agent, which comprises many methacrylate-modified nanoparticles, where the methacrylate-modified nanoparticles of the photocrosslinkable agent is photocrosslinked within the methacrylate-modified macromolecules, and at least a portion of the terminal methacrylate ligands are photocrosslinked with at least a portion of the methacrylate-modified macromolecules, the photocrosslinked material comprising a covalent linkage between the photocrosslinked methacrylate-modified nanoparticles and methacrylate-modified macromolecules; (3) a photocrosslinked material comprising the photocrosslinkable agent, where the photocrosslinkable agent is photocrosslinked, at least a portion of the terminal methacrylate ligands on the nanoparticles are photocrosslinked, resulting in a covalent linkage between photocrosslinked methacrylate-modified nanoparticles; (4) providing (M1) PCA-1, comprising providing a nanoparticles, providing a first bifunctional molecule comprising at least one nanoparticle surface attachment ligand that is attached to a surface of the nanoparticle, and at least one terminal ligand comprising a hydrophilic terminal ligand capable of covalent linking to a terminal ligand of another molecule, providing a second bifunctional molecule comprising at least one terminal methacrylate ligand and at least one terminal ligand comprising a coupling ligand capable of covalent linking to the hydrophilic terminal ligand of the first molecule, and covalently linking the hydrophilic terminal ligand of the first molecule to the coupling ligand of the second molecule, optionally in the presence of a coupling agent or catalyst; (5) forming (M2) a photocrosslinked material comprising providing the photocrosslinkable ink and photocrosslinking the provided photocrosslinkable ink; (6) a photocrosslinkable agent (PCA-2) comprising at least one methacrylate-modified nanoparticle comprising a gold nanoparticles, many molecules attached to surface of the gold nanoparticle, at least a portion of the molecules comprising at least a first molecule, the first molecule comprising a nanoparticle surface attachment ligand comprising a thiol terminal group and at least one terminal methacrylate ligand; (7) a photocrosslinkable ink (PCI-2) for forming a material or structure, comprising an aqueous solvent, the photocrosslinkable agent, many methacrylate-modified macromolecules and a photoinitiator; (8) a photocrosslinked composite hydrogel comprising the photocrosslinkable agent; and (9) providing (M3) PCA-2, comprising providing a gold nanoparticles, providing a first molecule (105) comprising at least one nanoparticle surface attachment ligand comprising a thiol terminal group that is attached to a surface of the gold (Au) nanoparticle, and at least hydrophilic terminal ligand comprising a carboxylate terminal group capable of covalent linking to a terminal ligand of a second molecule, providing a second molecule comprising at least one terminal methacrylate (MA) ligand and at least one terminal amine ligand capable of covalent linking to the carboxylate terminal group of the hydrophilic terminal ligand of the first molecule, covalently linking the hydrophilic terminal ligand comprising a terminal carboxylate group of the first molecule to the terminal coupling ligand comprising an amine terminal group of the second molecule, in the presence of 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide hydrochloride (EDC) and N- hydroxysuccinimide or N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHS) in alcohol, where the molar ratio of Au:EDC:NHS:MA is of 100:15:6:6-1:50:20:20.