▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A nanoporous membrane comprises two-dimensional material permeated by pores. The pores comprise population of pores (P1) having an average pore diameter, and population of pores (P2) having an average pore diameter. The average pore diameter of the population of pores (P1) is more than or equal to the van der Waals diameter of water and less than the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium. The average pore diameter of the population of pores (P2) is more than or equal to the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium. The population of pores (P2) are blocked by polymer derived from monomer (M1) and a monomer (M2) through size-selective interfacial polymerization. The monomer (M1) has an average size more than the average pore diameter of the population of pores (P2). The monomer (M2) has an average size more than the average pore diameter of the population of pores (P1) and less than or equal to the average pore diameter of the pores (P2). USE - Nanoporous membrane used in filter and personal protection device such as mask, gas mask, respiratory system, over-garment, glove and boot for human, service animal, law-enforcement animal, cadaver animal, search-and-rescue animal, military animal and detection animal (all claimed). Uses include but are not limited to filtration of pathogen, bacteria, virus, fungi, parasite, protozoa, desalination applications, protective applications, and proton transport applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - A nanoporous membrane comprises two-dimensional material permeated by pores. The pores comprise population of pores (P1) having an average pore diameter, and population of pores (P2) having an average pore diameter. The average pore diameter of the population of pores (P1) is more than or equal to the van der Waals diameter of water and less than the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium. The average pore diameter of the population of pores (P2) is more than or equal to the average size of the non-target substance in the fluid medium. The population of pores (P2) are blocked by polymer derived from monomer (M1) and a monomer (M2) through size-selective interfacial polymerization. The monomer (M1) has an average size more than the average pore diameter of the population of pores (P2). The monomer (M2) has an average size more than the average pore diameter of the population of pores (P1) and less than or equal to the average pore diameter of the population of pores (P2). The monomer (M1) and monomer (M2) are size-excluded from the population of pores (P1) during the size-selective interfacial polymerization. The nanoporous membrane allows for transport of the target substance through the nanoporous membrane via the population of pores (P1), and used for separating target substance from non-target substance in fluid medium. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) manufacture of the nanoporous membrane; and (2) personal protection device, which comprises material and the nanoporous membrane. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic view of the fabrication of graphene nanoporous atomically thin membranes.