▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Material comprises a layer of capsules comprising: a crumpled graphene shell comprising graphene sheets having a crumpled morphology; and silicon nanostructures encapsulated within the crumpled graphene shell, where the average size of the capsules is less than 1 mu m. USE - The material is useful as anode in lithium ion battery (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The material: utilizes the capsules having average size of less than 1 mu m and provides the battery having a coulombic efficiency of 99% after 20 (preferably 5) cycles at a charge voltage of 2V and a current density of 1 A/g, thus exhibiting high capacity, cycling stability and coulombic efficiency; and can be made by rapid, one-step capillary driven assembly route in aerosol droplets. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: (1) a lithium ion battery comprising an anode comprising the material, a counter electrode and an electrolyte in electrical communication with the anode and the counter electrode; and (2) making sub-micron sized capsules, comprising forming an aqueous dispersion comprising graphene oxide sheets and silicon nanostructures, forming aerosol droplets from the aqueous dispersion, and heating the aerosol droplets to evaporate water from the aerosol droplets, by which the resulting compression induces the formation of the capsules.