▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Preparing graphene-stabilized lithium metal particles directly from a graphitic material involves mixing multiple particles of a graphitic material, multiple polymer-coated solid particles of a lithium-attracting seed material, and optional ball-milling media to form mixture in impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus. The impacting chamber contains no previously produced isolated graphene sheets. The energy impacting apparatus is operated with frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling off graphene sheets from particles of graphitic material and transferred peeled graphene sheets to surfaces of polymer-coated particles and fully embraces or encapsulated particles to produce graphene-embraced or graphene-encapsulated polymer-coated solid particles inside impacting chamber. The graphene-embraced or graphene-encapsulated polymer-coated solid particles are recovered from impacting chamber and removed polymer from particles to produce graphene balls. USE - Method for preparing graphene-stabilized lithium metal particles directly from a graphitic material used for battery electrode, battery or a lithium-ion capacitor, and lithium-ion battery (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The method enables to prepare graphene-stabilized lithium metal particles directly from a graphitic material, that greatly reduces the opportunity for undesirable diffusion of carbon into the electrode active material. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Preparing graphene-stabilized lithium metal particles directly from a graphitic material involves mixing multiple particles of a graphitic material, multiple polymer-coated solid particles of a lithium-attracting seed material, and optional ball-milling media to form a mixture in an impacting chamber of an energy impacting apparatus. The impacting chamber contains no previously produced isolated graphene sheets. The energy impacting apparatus is operated with a frequency and an intensity for a length of time sufficient for peeling off graphene sheets from particles of graphitic material and transferred peeled graphene sheets to surfaces of polymer-coated particles and fully embraces or encapsulated particles to produce graphene-embraced or graphene-encapsulated polymer-coated solid particles inside impacting chamber. The graphene-embraced or graphene-encapsulated polymer-coated solid particles are recovered from impacting chamber and removed polymer from particles to produce graphene balls, where at least one of graphene balls has a graphene shell, a lithium-attracting seed material particle and a hollow space. The graphene balls is impregnated with lithium metal to obtain graphene-stabilized lithium metal particles. INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) a battery electrode comprises graphene-stabilized lithium metal particles; and (2) a lithium-ion battery comprises an anode, an electrolyte, and a cathode, where anode comprises graphene-stabilized lithium metal particles as a lithium source and an anode active material selected from the group consisting of lithiated and un-lithiated silicon (Si), germanium (Ge), tin (Sn), lead (Pb), antimony (Sb), bismuth (Bi), zinc (Zn), aluminum (Al), titanium (Ti), nickel (Ni), cobalt (Co), and cadmium (Cd), lithiated and un-lithiated alloys or intermetallic compounds of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Ni, Co, or Cd with other elements; (C) lithiated and un-lithiated oxides, carbides, nitrides, sulfides, phosphides, selenides, and tellurides of Si, Ge, Sn, Pb, Sb, Bi, Zn, Al, Ti, Fe, Ni, Co, or Cd, and their mixtures, composites, or lithium-containing composites, lithiated and un-lithiated salts and hydroxides of Sn; (E) lithium titanate, lithium manganate, lithium aluminate, lithium-containing titanium oxide, lithium transition metal oxide, lithiated and un-lithiated carbon or graphite particles, and combinations.