▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Hydrophobic spherulite comprises a hydrophobic substance forms a micro-nano structure through crystallization, where the micro-nano structure comprises micron-scale crystal nuclei and nano-scale whiskers grown on the surface of the crystal nucleus. USE - The hydrophobic spherulite is useful for forming hydrophobic material used forming hydrophobic composite material used for forming Janus composite material used as protective material in protective field, and the protective material includes protective mask (claimed). ADVANTAGE - The hydrophobic spherulite has large specific surface area, excellent hydrophobic properties, and loads more hydrophobic groups, and is suitable filtration efficiency, and endowed with versatility, and the hydrophobic layer increases the concentration gradient of water vapor, and realizes the directional transportation of water vapor. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) a hydrophobic material, comprising a core-shell structure, where the core of the core-shell structure is the above-mentioned hydrophobic spherulites, where the shell of the core-shell structure is a drug layer, and the average particle size of the hydrophobic spherulites are 0.5-50 mu m, and the thickness of the drug layer is 0.01-10 mu m, and the drugs used in the drug layer comprise antibacterial and antitoxic drugs comprising quaternary ammonium salts, triclosan, haloamines, metal nanoparticles, graphene oxide, polypyrrole, chitin, and/or polyhexamethylene hydrochloride, and the hydrophobic spherulites and drug layer are combined by chemical bonds or intermolecular forces; (2) a method for preparing the hydrophobic material, involving loading the surface of the hydrophobic spherulites with a drug layer to obtain the hydrophobic material, and the loading method involves a chemical bonding method or a stepwise crystallization method involving dispersing the hydrophobic spherulites into the drug-containing solution, taking advantage of the solubility difference, gradually crystallizing the drug, and growing on the surface of the hydrophobic spherulites to form the hydrophobic material; (3) a hydrophobic composite material, comprising a support layer and a hydrophobic layer provided on one side surface of the support layer, and the material of the hydrophobic layer is the above-mentioned hydrophobic material, and the thickness of the hydrophobic layer is 1-200 mu m, and the thickness of the support layer is 20-500 mu m, and the density of the support layer is 10-100 g/m2, preferably 20-40 g/m2, and the support layer is textile fiber, and the diameter of the textile fiber is 0.1-50 mu m, preferably 5-30 mu m, and the textile fiber comprises plant fibers, animal fibers, mineral fibers, regenerated fibers, synthetic fibers, inorganic fibers, melt spinning, solution spinning, dry spinning, wet spinning, and/or non-woven processes; (4) a method for preparing the hydrophobic composite material, involving (a) arranging a hydrophobic layer on the surface of the support layer to obtain the hydrophobic composite material, placing the support layer in a solution dispersed with hydrophobic substances, and growing the hydrophobic substances into hydrophobic spherulites under supersaturated conditions by using the difference in solubility to obtain a support layer loaded with hydrophobic spherulites, and (b) placing the support layer loaded with hydrophobic spherulites in a drug-dispersed solution, and loading the drug on the outer surface of the hydrophobic spherulites with the difference in solubility to obtain the composite material, where the concentration of the hydrophobic substance-dispersed solution is 10-100 wt.%, preferably 30-70 wt.%, and the solvent for the solution in which the hydrophobic substance is dispersed in step (a) comprises benzene, toluene, ethanol, acetone, hexane, dichloromethane, ether, acetonitrile and/or pyridine, and the concentration of the drug-dispersed solution in step (b) is 0.0001-2 wt.%, preferably 0.001-1 wt.%; (5) a Janus composite material, comprising the above-mentioned hydrophobic composite material and a hydrophilic layer located on one side surface of the hydrophobic composite material, where the thickness of the hydrophilic layer is 0.1-500 mu m, and the material of the hydrophilic layer comprises a hydrophilic substance and/or a derivative of a hydrophilic substance, and the hydrophilic material comprises cotton, wool, cellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, polyethylene glycol, polyacrylic acid, polyacrylamide or polyamide, and the derivative of the hydrophilic substance comprises modification of the hydrophilic substance by at least one of acylation, carboxylation, hydroxylation, sulfonation, esterification, etherification, phenolization or cyanation; and (6) a preparation method of the Janus composite material, involving forming a hydrophilic layer on the surface of the hydrophobic composite material far away from the hydrophobic layer to obtain the Janus composite material, and the method of forming the hydrophilic layer involves a sol-gel method, a deposition method, a spin coating method, a spray method, a vapor precipitation method, a chemical bonding method, and/or an electrospinning method.