▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A bipolar electrode comprises a current collector comprising a conductive material foil having a thickness of 10 nm to 100 mum and two opposing parallel primary surfaces in which 1 or both primary surfaces are coated with a layer of graphene material having a thickness of 5 nm to 50 mum, and a negative electrode layer and a positive electrode layer arranged on two sides of the current collector and each in physical contact with the layer of graphene material or directly with a primary surface of the conductive material foil. The negative and positive electrode layers coated on the two sides of the current collector are different in composition or structure. USE - Bipolar electrode is used for rechargeable lithium battery chosen from lithium-ion battery, lithium-sulfur battery, lithium-selenium battery, lithium sulfur/selenium battery, lithium-air battery, sodium-ion battery, sodium metal battery, zinc-ion battery, zinc metal battery, zinc-nickel battery, aluminum-ion battery, aluminum metal battery, magnesium-ion battery, and magnesium metal battery, and capacitor chosen from symmetric ultracapacitor, asymmetric ultracapacitor, hybrid supercapacitor-battery device, and lithium-ion capacitor (all claimed). Uses include but are not limited to electric vehicle, hybrid electric vehicle, lap-top computer, and mobile phone. ADVANTAGE - The bipolar electrode improves energy density and specific energy of the battery or capacitor at low cost, and capable of maintaining higher energy density and capacity for a largest number of charge/discharge cycles. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (i) rechargeable lithium battery or lithium-ion battery; and (ii) capacitor.