▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A structure comprises a conducting substrate comprising a first graphene layer disposed on a portion of a surface of the substrate and a first electropolymerized polymer layer disposed on a portion of the graphene layer. USE - Structure for use in device such as electrochromic device, electrical-energy storage device, photo-voltaic device, field-effect transistor device, electrical device, electronic device, energy-generation device, display, flexible display, light-emitting diode, sensor, battery, flexible battery, capacitor, flexible capacitor, supercapacitor or flexible capacitor, or microfluidic device (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The structure has electrical, physical, and mechanical properties, long-term stability, low oxidation potential, high contrast ratio, fast charge/discharge rates, tunable electronic structure, and fast switching times. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for the following: (1) a method of forming a structure (2) a device.