▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Fuel cell membrane electrode assembly comprises a polymer electrolyte membrane (PEM) and first and second electrodes. The PEM situated between the first and second electrodes, the first electrode including a first catalyst material layer includes a first catalyst material and having first and second surfaces. The first electrode includes first and second material layers adjacent to the first and second surfaces, respectively, of the first catalyst material layer, the first material layer facing away from the PEM and the second material layer facing the PEM. The first material layer comprises first graphene-based material layer having a first number of defects configured to mitigate dissolution of the first catalyst material through the first material layer. USE - Fuel cell membrane electrode assembly. ADVANTAGE - The fuel cell membrane electrode assembly is able to assemblies configured to mitigate catalyst dissolution while maintaining transportability of fuel cell reactants and products.