▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A biocompatible interface comprising graphene-related materials (G-biointerface) for remote manipulation of electrical properties of cell membrane is new. USE - The biocompatible interface is useful for remotely manipulating electrical properties of cell membrane; eliciting changes in functional state of a biological target; performing a biological assay; and treating an animal having a medical condition, where the medical condition is selected from, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, depression, schizophrenia, pain, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, eye diseases, diabetes, thyroid disorders, and sexual dysfunction. G-biointerfaces are used for treatment of neurological disorders that benefit from deep-brain electrical stimulation approaches. G-biointerfaces are used as neuroprosthetics. G-biointerfaces are used as retinal implants. G-biointerfaces are used in combination with stem cell replacement therapies (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - Provided is a biocompatible interface comprising G-biointerface for manipulation of electrical properties of cell membrane both in vitro and in vivo. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) a method of eliciting changes in functional state of a biological target by providing a biological target; positioning a biological target near G-biointerfaces comprising of a graphene-related structure; and exposing G-biointerfaces to electromagnetic radiation; (2) a method of performing a biological assay by providing a biological target; positioning a biological target near a G-biointerface structure; delivering an activation stimulus to a G-biointerface by exposing a G-biointerface to electromagnetic radiation; eliciting changes in functional state of a biological target via an activated G-biointerface; and monitoring resultant changes in a biological target using detection methods; and (3) a method of treating an animal having a medical condition by administering G-biointerface structures to an animal; positioning G-biointerface structures near desired areas; exposing G-biointerfaces to electromagnetic radiation; and eliciting changes in functional state of cells and tissues; where the medical condition is selected from, but not limited to, Alzheimer's disease, Parkinson's disease, Huntington's disease, depression, schizophrenia, pain, stroke, cancer, cardiovascular disorders, cardiac arrhythmias, eye diseases, diabetes, thyroid disorders, and sexual dysfunction.