▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Forming graphene on a surface comprises: forming a material substrate; depositing a carbon-containing material layer (CCCM) on the material substrate surface; depositing a metal material layer on the CCCM layer; applying a heating/cooling cycle to the CCCM/metal material layer structure; cooling the carbon-containing metal material layer; removing the second graphene material from the top surface of the metal material layer; removing the metal material layer without removing the first graphene material (GM); and removing any remaining CCCM layer not consumed during the heating/cooling cycle. USE - The method is useful for forming graphene on a surface (claimed) of a material substrate, where the graphene layer is useful in devices for electric conduction, spin conduction or optical absorption parallel to the graphene material layer and for electrochemical electrodes. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - Forming graphene on a surface comprises: forming a material substrate; depositing a carbon or a carbon-containing material layer (CCCM) on the surface of the material substrate; depositing a metal material layer on the CCCM layer to form a CCCM/metal material layer structure, where the metal material layer have a bottom surface in contact with the CCCM and further having top and side surfaces not in contact with the CCCM; applying a heating/cooling cycle to the CCCM/metal material layer structure to diffuse carbon from the CCCM within the metal material to form a carbon-containing metal material layer, where the CCCM is wholly or partially consumed during the heating/cooling cycle; cooling the carbon-containing metal material layer to precipitate a first graphene material (GM) onto the bottom surface of the metal material and further to precipitate a second graphene material onto the top surface of the metal material; removing the second graphene material from the top surface of the metal material layer; removing the metal material layer without removing the GM; and removing any remaining CCCM layer not consumed during the heating/cooling cycle, where the first graphene material remains on the surface of the material substrate.