▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - A graphene derivate composite (GDC) (102) comprises graphene nanoball structure having a corrugated surface (104) deposited with silver or silver oxide nanoparticles (106) blended with granular activated carbon powder, where deposition of silver or silver oxide nanoparticles on the corrugated surface results in a formation of electron-hole puddles in the GDC. USE - A graphene derivate composite for filtration unit for use in capacitive filtration system, sieving filtration system, filtration system, reverse osmosis (RO) filtration system, and hybrid filtration system (all claimed). ADVANTAGE - The granular activated carbon powder works as spacers and holders in the composite and enhances the adsorption of radioactive materials and the heavy metal contaminants. When the composite is blended with the granular activated carbon powder, electrochemical capacity of the graphene nanoball structure is significantly increased. The filtration unit removes most of the harmful radioactive materials and the heavy metal contaminants from the contaminated water due to physical properties of the GDC, such as high surface area, structure, corrugations, disorder, high dangling bonds density, surface potential, and electric polarity. The conventional filtration systems are improved by adding a filtration vessel in the filtration systems for accommodating the filtration unit for removing the radioactive materials and the heavy metal contaminants. The filtration unit does not require cation exchange membrane for water filtration in the capacitive filtration systems. As a result, the filtration unit is a cost-effective device and does not require a dedicated system for water filtration. Furthermore, the GDC includes nanomaterials of very large surface area that are electrically and chemically active. As a result, adsorption efficiency of the filtration unit is significantly enhanced. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for: (1) filtration unit comprising a pair of meshes and the GDC sandwiched within the pair of meshes; (2) capacitive filtration system comprising the filtration unit and a pair of electrodes connected to the filtration unit; (3) sieving filtration system comprising a vessel with an inlet and an outlet and the filtration unit received within the vessel; (4) filtration system comprising sediment polymer filter received within a vessel and the filtration unit disposed in the sediment polymer filter; (5) hybrid filtration system comprising the filtration unit and the capacitive filtration system; (6) purifying water to remove water contaminants from water based on electron-hole puddles on a corrugated surface of GDC, which involves electrically connecting the capacitive filtration system to a power source, generating a positive terminal and a negative terminal along a periphery of the GDC, enhancing the electron-hole puddles on the corrugated surface of the GDC, directing contaminated water from a periphery of the capacitive filtration system towards a center of the capacitive filtration system, mechanically trapping the water contaminants on the GDC, and allowing purified water to flow through the permeable portion of each mesh of the pair of meshes (112); and (7) manufacture of GDC having a graphene nanoball structure, which involves chemically reducing graphene oxide to form graphene nanoball structure, forming corrugated pattern on a surface of the graphene nanoball structure, forming uniform blend of silver or silver oxide nanoparticles and graphene nanoball structure having the corrugated pattern to form decorated graphene, and blending the decorated graphene with activated carbon powder to hold the silver or silver oxide nanoparticles. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows a schematic perspective view of a graphene derivative composite (GDC) and a filtration unit having the GDC. GDC (102) Corrugated surface (104) Silver or silver oxide nanoparticles (106) Disorder (108) Filtration unit (110)