▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Separation membrane comprises a porous substrate layer and an active layer arranged over at least a part of the substrate layer, where the active layer comprises a hydrophilic agent and a super hydrophilic agent, and the membrane is an ultrapure water membrane, a food and/or beverage processing membrane, a municipal water membrane, a peel oil recovery membrane, a (bio)refinery dewatering membrane, an oily wastewater (pre-)treatment membrane, a metal extraction membrane, a desalination membrane, and/or a protein fraction membrane. USE - The separation membrane is useful in food and/or beverage processing membrane, municipal water membrane, peel oil recovery membrane, bio-refinery dewatering membrane, oily wastewater (pre-)treatment membrane, metal extraction membrane, desalination membrane and protein fraction membrane. ADVANTAGE - The separation membrane has high separation efficiency, reliability, low maintenance, light weight, and/or simplicity to operate and maintain. It is commercially accessible to industry, such as, low material and manufacturing costs, readily produced using industrially established raw materials and processes and be capable of being retrofitted into current housings. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are also included for: producing a separation membrane, comprising (a) optionally, preparing a substrate by treating the substrate with physical rinsing, chemical treatment, radiation treatment, plasma treatment, and/or thermal treatment, (b) optionally, contacting the substrate with an intermediate layer coating composition to form an intermediate layer, (c) contacting the substrate with a coating composition comprising a hydrophilic agent, and optionally further comprising a superhydrophilic agent, to form an active layer, (d) optionally, drying the active layer, (e) optionally, contacting the active layer with an intermediate layer coating composition to form an intermediate layer, (f) if a superhydrophilic agent was not contacted with the substrate in the step (c), contacting the coated substrate with a coating composition comprising a super hydrophilic agent to form a further active layer, and (g) optionally, drying the further active layer; and use of a coating composition comprising a superhydrophilic agent in the manufacture of a separation membrane.