▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Method (M1) of covalently patterning soft matter onto the basal plane of graphene surface comprising first reactive element, involves coating elastomeric tip array with ink mixture comprising second reactive element; inducing localized force-accelerated reaction between first and second reactive elements by mechanical application of the elastomeric tip array to graphene surface, resulting in covalent bond between first and second reactive elements; and rinsing the graphene surface to remove unbound ink. USE - For covalently patterning soft matter such as nanoparticles, organics, biologicals, polymers, proteins, sugars, oligonucleotides, peptides, and antibodies onto the basal plane of graphene surface, for use in sensor (claimed), assays, and integrated optics and electronics; and used as molecular printing technique with applications including gene chips, glycan arrays, peptide arrays, sensors, and biomimetic surfaces for fundamental biological investigations. ADVANTAGE - The present method is reliable, scalable and commercially applicable technique for immobilization of soft organic and biologically active materials via site-specific patterning on basal plane of graphene. The method can immobilize biological probes by force-induced patterning, while still maintaining the conductivity of graphene substrate; and selectively locally increasing bandgap of single layer graphene. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) method (M2) of selectively locally increasing the bandgap of single layer graphene comprising first reactive element involving: coating elastomeric tip array with ink mixture comprising second reactive element consisting of or bound to soft matter element; and inducing localized force-accelerated reaction between first and second reactive elements, resulting in covalent bond between both elements; and where bandgap is increased in those locations on basal plane of graphene with functionalized, covalently immobilized molecules; and (2) sensor comprising graphene substrate; functionalized soft matter molecules covalently immobilized on surface of graphene substrate; and where the covalent immobilization is result of force-accelerated Diels-Alder reaction.