▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - The device has an outer protective cover (110) that is provided with a thermal energy conduction element for transferring thermal energy through the outer protective cover. An inner assembly (120) is adjacent to the outer protective cover. The inner assembly comprises a thermal energy transfer device (130) adapted to transfer thermal energy to and/or from the thermal energy conduction element. The thermal conduction element comprises a graphite-like or pyrolytic graphite-like material. The thermal energy transfer device comprises a thermal energy transfer fluid (132). The thermal energy transfer fluid comprises a nanofluid. The nanofluid comprises zinc oxide (ZnO), hexagonal boron nitride, graphene or diamond nanoparticles. USE - Thermal management device for protecting element from external heat or cold damage in aerospace vehicle such as rocket and re-entry vehicle for use in outdoor or high-exposure environments. ADVANTAGE - The thermal energy can be quickly and efficiently be transferred between an external environment and the thermal energy transfer device through the thermal conduction element. The efficient heat transfer of these particular materials and the transfer in one particular direction allows for minimal losses to other portions of the device, thus reducing damage to those portions and improving efficiency of the heat transfer. The materials also demonstrate excellent stability, strength, wear resistance, fatigue resistance. This enables use in the outer protective layer as they are less prone to damage under harsh conditions, such as those experienced by aerospace vehicles. The graphite or pyrolytic graphite-like materials are particularly effective at transferring heat and form particularly effective heat transfer materials. This can be achieved in a single direction due to the anisotropic properties of these materials. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWING(S) - The drawing shows the cross-section view of the thermal management device. Outer protective cover (110) Inner assembly (120) Thermal energy transfer device (130) Thermal energy transfer fluid (132) Protective layer (152)