▎ 摘　　要

NOVELTY - Graphene having cavities in it, is new. USE - For reinforcing a composite, or for manufacturing an electronic device, sensor, battery or a device for storage of hydrogen, or as a catalyst (claimed). In plasma displays (commercial prototypes) and electric batteries; and as a template or molecular trapping device (i.e. membrane or filter). The graphene composites are useful, e.g. in the manufacture of fuselages for aircraft. ADVANTAGE - The graphene (carbon nanostructures) is prepared by a simple, feasible and low cost method, in large quantities, with the ability for large scale production. The method produces large quantities of graphene in very limited time, and is up-scaled having a production-line methodology. The graphene product is simply washed with water, to remove impurities left behind after the solvothermal step, and dried. This allows pure graphene to be obtained without costly purification procedures, or unwanted impurities remaining. There is no need for finding the graphene in amongst other materials, as the product consists essentially of entirely graphene. The obtained graphene further treated to obtain a desired size. Thus large sheets of graphene are cut to produce sheets of a desired size. The graphene exhibits a high mobility of its charge carriers thus making it suitable for use in electronics applications. DETAILED DESCRIPTION - INDEPENDENT CLAIMS are included for the following: (1) preparation of the graphene; (2) a composite material comprising the graphene dispersed in a matrix; and (3) preparation of the composite material involving combining the graphene with a matrix or with a precursor to a matrix, where the matrix or precursor is in liquid form; and if the combining step is carried out by combining the graphene with a precursor to a matrix, then converting the precursor to the matrix.